All About Vitamins: Thiamine and Parkinson Disease

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
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Vitamin B1 is one of the members of the vitamin B complex, it is also known as thiamin or thiamine. It's most common form is a colorless chemical compound with the formula C12H17N4OS. It was discovered in 1910 by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan. It is a water soluble vitamin, therefore it can be stored in the body and is required to be taken regularly.

Thiamine deficiency and dysfunction of thiamine-dependent is found to associate of the development and progression of Parkinson Disease.

According to the Villa Immacolata Clini, administration of high-dose thiamine was effective in reversing motor and nonmotor symptoms, in the patients with PD.

In the recruited 50 patients with PD (33 men and 17 women; mean age, 70.4 ± 12.9 years; mean disease duration, 7.3 ± 6.7 years) with 100 mg of thiamine administered intramuscularly twice a week, without any change to personal therapy, thiamine group showed a significant improvement of symptoms of PD, reduced selective neural damage in the centers and provoking neurodegeneration.
And the re-evaluated after 1 month and then every 3 months during treatment showed a clinical stable improvement over time in all the patients.

Other study suggested that high dose of thiamine as initial treatment may attenuated motor and non-motor deficits of patients with PD.

A recruited three patients with newly diagnosed PD who are not involved in anti-Parkinson's therapy. with Plasmatic thiamine within healthy reference range study, therapy with high doses of thiamine showed a considerable improvement in the motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) ranging from 31.3% to 77.3% which is considered as impotant levels in reduced risk of selective neuronal damage caused by thiamine deficiency due to a dysfunction of thiamine metabolism.

In support to the above analysis, researchers at the Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation insisted that thiamine supplement can act through a number of non-genomic mechanisms that include protein expression, oxidative stress, inflammation which may link to development of PD.
Taking together, elevated thiamine levels might provide protection against PD, but using high doses can only be prescribed by profession medical doctors.

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Sources
(1) Long-Term Treatment with High-Dose Thiamine in Parkinson Disease: An Open-Label Pilot Study by Costantini A1, Pala MI1, Grossi E2, Mondonico S3, Cardelli LE4, Jenner C1, Proietti S1, Colangeli M5, Fancellu R6.(PubMed)
(2) High-dose thiamine as initial treatment for Parkinson's disease by Costantini A1, Pala MI, Compagnoni L, Colangeli M.(PubMed)
(3) Thiamine and Parkinson's disease by Lu'o'ng Kv1, Nguyên LT.(PubMed)