Ursolic Acid Suppresses the Diseases Associated with Chronic Lung Inflammation in Vivo

The lung is a vital organ of the human being, located near the backbone on either side of the heart with functions of inhaling oxygen from the air and then transporting them to the bloodstream to nourish the body cells' needs and exhaling carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.

Lung inflammation is a class of diseases associated with the inflammation of the lung tissues.

According to the statistics provided by the Lung Association over 3 million Canadians are affected by one of five serious respiratory diseases – asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, tuberculosis (TB), and cystic fibrosis.


In 2017, 28,600 Canadians were diagnosed with lung cancer, representing 14% of all new cancer cases. Lung cancer caused the death of 21,100 Canadians in the same year.

The exact causes of lung disease are not identified. However, epidemiological studies suggested
being overweight, smoking, family history, and smoking are some of the most prevalent factors associated with the onset of the disease.

Inflammation is a natural defense of the immune system that protects the body against the insult from foreign invasion.

Acute inflammation occurs quickly or within hours and lasts a few days or weeks and the damaged tissues are healed themselves after all pathogens are killed off.

Chronic inflammation is a low-grade inflammation caused by the inability of the immune system to eliminate the invasive pathogens that occurred in the acute phase of infection.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 8 weeks is considered chronic inflammation.

Believe it or not, worldwide, 3 of 5 death are results from chronic inflammatory diseases like stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disorders, cancer, obesity, and diabetes.


Ursolic acid is a phytochemical in the subclass of Triterpenoid, belongings to the group of Terpenes found abundantly in apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, peppermint, lavender, oregano, hawthorn, prunes., etc.

In finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of lung diseases, researchers examined the effect of synthesized ursolic acid derivatives on mice models of PM2.5-induced COPD in vivo.

According to the analysis of mice-induced COPD by the administration of 25 μL of PM2.5 suspension through the intranasal route daily for 1 week,
* COPD mice showed elevated levels of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factors-α and interleukin-6 in the mice bronchoalveolar fluids.

* The administration of ursolic acid derivative caused significant suppression of aforementioned parameters including oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines in COPD mice in a dose-dependent manner.

* Furthermore, the inflammatory cell infiltration in COPD mice was inhibited by the treatment of ursolic acid derivative.

* More importantly, The ursolic acid derivative treatment also increased the level of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and inhibited lung injury in mice with COPD.

After taking other factors into account, researchers said, " ursolic acid derivative inhibits pulmonary tissue damage in mice through suppression of inflammatory cytokine and oxidative enzymes. Therefore, ursolic acid derivative can be of therapeutic importance for the treatment of PM2.5-induced COPD".

Taken altogether, Ursolic acid may be considered adjunct therapy in the treatment of lung diseases associated with chronic inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Preventive effect of ursolic acid derivative on particulate matter 2.5-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease involves suppression of lung inflammation by Li C1, Chen J2, Yuan W3, Zhang W4, Chen H3, Tan H. (PubMed)