Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the tissue of an organ. At the early, most people with cancer are asymptomatic, however, at the later, due to the size and the tumor, patients may experience the general cancer symptoms such as unintended weight loss, fatigue, gastrointestinal discomfort and loss of appetite and localized symptoms such as severe pain and bleeding.
The exact causes of cancer are not identified. As of today, researchers do not know why one person develops cancer and another doesn’t, even they share some common risk factors of the disease.
However, most prevalent factors associated with the cancer onset include age, family history, long-term exposure to certain cancer induced chemicals, use of tobacco and excessive alcohol drinking,..... the list goes on and on, depending on the types of cancer.
Some researchers suggested that the most common risk factor that causes cancer in the Western world may be associated with widespread obesity.
Dr. Karen Basen-Engquist, in the evaluation of obesity risk of cancer, said, "In the United States, approximately 85,000 new cancer cases per year are related to obesity. Recent research has found that as the body mass index increases by 5 kg/m2, cancer mortality increases by 10%".
And, "High priorities for future research involve additional work on the underlying mechanisms, and trials to examine the effect of lifestyle behavior change and weight loss interventions on cancer and intermediate biomarkers".
The findings strong indicated the risk of cancer is increased substantially in obese.
Bilberry is a species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern Europe.
The plant has been used as herbs in traditional medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, gastritis, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, anemia, cystitis, kidney disease, and psoriasis, diabetes, etc.
Searching the list of natural compounds with a strong potential for the treatment of cancer with no side effects, scientists investigated the secondary metabolites including flavonoids (1-8), caffeic (9) and chlorogenic (10) acids from the extract of Sakhalin bilberry Vaccinium smallii leaves in vitro.
All 10 metabolites included in the study displayed a significant effect in the inhibition of EGF-induced neoplastic transformation in the conversion of normal cells into tumor cells of mouse JB6 Cl 41 P+ cells.
Furthermore, none of the compound isolated from bilberry extract showed non-toxic against JB6 Cl 41 P+ cells up to a concentration of 200 µm.
The results suggested that bilberry secondary metabolites protect the normal against the alternation of cells DNA without causing harm to the nearby healthy normal cells.
In HL60 cells, injection of bilberry extract-induced apoptotic cell bodies and nucleosomal DNA fragmentation.
However, bilberry did not exert similar effects against the HCT116. The proportion of apoptotic cells induced in HCT116 was much lower than that in HL60 cells, without the presence of DNA fragmentation.
According to the extracted analysis, the efficacy of bilberry against cancer cell lines was attributed to the bioactive phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins in initiating the free radical scavenging property.
Dr. Katsube N, the lead scientist after taking into account co and confounders wrote in the final report, "These results indicate that the bilberry extract and the anthocyanins, bearing delphinidin or malvidin as the aglycon, inhibit the growth of HL60 cells through the induction of apoptosis".
Taken altogether, bilberry processed significant bioactive secondary metabolites may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of cancer, pending to the validation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Cancer-preventive activities of secondary metabolites from leaves of the bilberryVaccinium smallii A. Gray by Mechikova GY1, Kuzmich AS, Ponomarenko LP, Kalinovsky AI, Stepanova TA, Fedorov SN, Stonik VA. (PubMed)
(2) Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and the anthocyanins by Katsube N1, Iwashita K, Tsushida T, Yamaki K, Kobori M. (PubMed)
(3) Obesity and Cancer Risk: Recent Review and Evidence by Karen Basen-Engquist
and Maria Chang. (PMC)
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