Betanin Protects Liver Injury Against Toxicity

Liver injury is some form of trauma that reduced liver function including acute toxicity such as an overdose of medicines, a blunt force, a penetrating foreign object such as a knife.

According to the statistic, liver injuries account for 5% of all traumas. In other words, liver injury is a common abdominal injury.

The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body, played an essential role in filtering blood from the intestine before passing them to other parts of the body.

The organ also produced cholesterol, a waxy substance that is needed to aid digestion and build strong cell membranes, production of steroid hormones and vitamins.


Most common symptoms associated with liver injury are shocks due to severe bleeding inducing a rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, and cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin.

In some cases, blood accumulated in the abdomen may irritate the abdominal tissue, leading to symptoms of abdominal pain and swelling, and tenderness.

Depending on the size of the wound, most cases of liver injury are healed by itself. However, in severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary if the bleeding does not stop.

Out of many risk factors, an overdose of medicine has been found to be the number 1 factors involved in liver injury.


Dr.Stefan David, the lead scientist wrote, "Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is common and nearly all classes of medications can cause liver disease. Most cases of DILI are benign, and improve after drug withdrawal".

However, "There are no definite risk factors for DILI, but pre-existing liver disease and genetic susceptibility may predispose certain individuals. Although most patients have clinical symptoms that are identical to other liver diseases, some patients may present with symptoms of systemic hypersensitivity. Treatment of drug and herbal-induced liver injury consists of rapid drug discontinuation and supportive care targeted to alleviate unwanted symptoms".

Betanin is phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments of Betacyanins, belongings to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

On finding a natural compound for the prevention of liver injury, researchers at the Shenyang University investigated the protective effect of betanin against liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

The selected fish were intraperitoneally injected with 20 % (v/v in peanut oil) CCl4 at a volume of 0.5 mL/kg body weight at 20 days, after treatment with 1, 2, and 4 % betanin in fodder throughout the experiment.

Fish treated with CCl4 showed to induce liver CYP2E1 activity associated with reduced function of the liver, oxidative stress, and liver injury, observed by the depleted glycogen storage, increased serum liver damage, and stress markers such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities.

Compared to CCl4 treated fish, betanin not only reversed all parameters induced by the injection of CCl4 but also increased liver antioxidative capacity observed by the increased glutathione level and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.

The 2 and 4 % of betanin groups demonstrated a better effect compared to the dose of 1%.

The results strongly suggested that betanin protected the liver against the injury induced by CCl4.

Collectively, researchers said, "the inhibition of CYP2E1 activity and oxidative stress may have significant roles in the protective effect of betanin".

Taken altogether, betanin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of liver injury, pending the confirmation of a larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betanin in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Betanin attenuates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by Han J1, Gao C, Yang S, Wang J, Tan D. (PubMed)
(2) Drug-induced Liver Injury by Stefan David, MD1 and James P Hamilton, MD. (PMC)