Betacyanins Inhibits Breast Cancer Cells Initiation and Progression

The breasts of women are made of specialized tissue that produces milk (glandular tissue) and fatty tissue. The size of a woman's breast is totally depending on the amount of fat in the breast.
Breast cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth irregularly due to the alternation of cell DNA.

Most cases of breast cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk, before colonizing the deeper layer tissues to form a tumor through proliferation.

According to the statistics, in the US, the lifetime risk of getting invasive breast cancer of a woman is 1/8. In 2019, approximately 268,600 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed, along with 62,930 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer.

The 5 years survival rate of breast cancer diagnosed in the localized stage is 100%.

The exact causes of breast cancer are not identified.

The stages of breast cancer can be classified depending on
* The size of the cancer
* Invasive or not
* Whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes
* Whether cancer has spread to the distant parts or organs of the body.

There are 4 stages of breast cancer in TNM rating (where T is referred for tumor size, N is referred for Lymph Node status, M is referred for invasive or not)
# T: Tumor Size is divided into four classes: T-1 is between 0 - 2 cms, T-2 is between 2 - 5 cms, T-3 is > 5cms, and T-4 is a tumor of any size growing into the chest wall or skin, including inflammatory breast cancer.
#N: No swollen nodes: N-0, some swelling but negative node (not cancerous): N-1a, swelling nodes and positive node (cancerous): N-1b, quite swollen and bunched together: N-2, quite swollen and near the collarbone: N-3.
# M: if no cancer cell is found: M-0, cancer cells found: M-1.

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belongings to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of breast cancer, researchers examined the effect of extract of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), the FDA approved red food color E162 on estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells (MCF-7).

According to the tested differentiation, both doxorubicin and the beetroot extract exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in MCF-7.

Compared to doxorubicin, the cytotoxicity of beetroot extract was significantly lower.

In other words, at the same doses, doxorubicin is more effective to induce the death of breast cancer cell compared to the beetroot extract.

Due to the limitation of the experimental selection, side effects induced by both treatment cannot be observed.

After taking other factors into account, researchers suggested, the major betacyanin constituent may play an important role in the cytotoxicity exhibited by the red beetroot extract.

Taken altogether, betacyanins may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cytotoxic effect of the red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract compared to doxorubicin (Adriamycin) in the human prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancercell lines by Kapadia GJ1, Azuine MA, Rao GS, Arai T, Iida A, Tokuda H. (PubMed)
(2) Breast #Cancer by Kyle J. Norton