Antioxidant Ursolic Acid, A Potential Adjunct Therapy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer

The lung is a vital organ of the human being, located near the backbone on either side of the heart with functions of inhaling oxygen from the air then transporting them to the bloodstream to nourish the body cells' needs and exhaling carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.
Lung cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal growth of the cells in the lung's tissue.

The most common form of primary lung cancer is derived from epithelial cells. In the Us, Lung cancer causes the death of 158,683 people, including 88,329 men and 70,354 women, according to the 2007 statistic.

Believe it or not, each year, more people die of lung cancer than of colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined.

Most people diagnosed with lung cancer are 65 or older, compared to a very small number of those younger than 45.

Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. It usually grows and spreads methodically and predictably.
The most common types of lung cancers include
* Squamous-cell carcinoma is a type of NSCLC often found in an outer area of the lung.

* Large-cell carcinoma is a type of NSCLC found in the center of the lung by an air tube.

* Adenocarcinoma is a type of NSCLC found in any part of the lung.

The 5 years of the survival rate of never and ever smokers in patients with stage I is 92%, compared to 76%, in smokers.

The 5-year recurrence-free proportions (RFPs) for never and ever smokers were 89% compared to 80%, in smokers.

Ursolic acid is a phytochemical in the subclass of Triterpenoid, belongings to the group of Terpenes found abundantly in apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, peppermint, lavender, oregano, hawthorn, prunes., etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases, researchers examined the effect of ursolic acid (UA) on the stemness of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. According to the analysis of the NSCLC cells with paclitaxel resistance (A549-PR) which exhibited a remarkably stronger stemness than the parental A549 cells,* UA administration significantly reduced the stemness and paclitaxel resistance of A549-PR cells.

* UA inhibited the miR-149-5p/MyD88 signaling in the promotion of cancer cell resistance and was responsible for UA-mediated effects on the stemness of A549-PR cells.

After talking about other factors into account, researchers said, "UA could attenuate the stemness and chemoresistance of NSCLC cells through targeting miR-149-5p/MyD88 axis".

Taken altogether, Ursolic acid may be considered adjunct therapies in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The miRNA-149-5p/MyD88 axis is responsible for ursolic acid-mediated attenuation of the stemness and chemoresistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells by Chen Q1, Luo J1, Wu C1, Lu H1, Cai S1, Bao C1, Liu D1, Kong J. (PubMed)

Serum Tocopherols are Inversely Associated with the Risk of Cervical Cancer

The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens at the top of the vagina.

The cervix acts as a transition area for the vaginal lining (squamous epithelium) and uterus (columnar epithelium) through the transitional area (squamous columnar epithelium) to host the development of the fetus.

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri or cervical area caused by abnormal cells growth with alternation of cell DNA.

Precervical cancer is the early stage of abnormal cell changes in the cervical tissue.

If left untreated, it can develop into true invasive cervical cancer caused by factors connected to male seminal fluid. A vaccine, Gardasil used to prevent pre-cervical cancer from the infection of two types of HPV was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2006. It is for your benefit to take this vaccine if you are sexually active with several partners.

Types of invasive cervical cancer
* Squamous cell carcinomas
Squamous cells are the thin, flat cells that line the bottom of the cervix.

Abnormal growth of squamous cells accounted for 80 to 90% of invasive cervical cancer. Squamous cell carcinomas are defined as a cancer of which the squamous cells in the cervix have divided and replication in uncontrolled matter due to DNA alternation caused by a virus or other factors.

* Adenocarcinoma
Glandular cells that line the upper portion of the cervix. Abnormal growth of glandular epithelial cells is accounted for 10 to 20 percent of invasive cervical cancers. Adenocarcinoma is defined as cancer of which the glandular epithelium cells in the cervix have divided and replication in uncontrolled matter due to DNA alternation caused by a virus or other factors.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases, researchers examined the relationship between serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations and the risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women.

According to the analysis of the hospital-based case-control study in which 358 adults (158 incident cases and 200 controls) were recruited from Xinjiang, China,
* There was an inverse association between serum carotenoid (α-carotene, β-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin) and tocopherol (α-tocopherol) concentrations and the risk of cervical cancer after adjusting for potential confounders compared to no effects of the levels of retinol.

* ORs for 1-SD increase were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56- 0.92; p=0.003) for total carotenoids and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60-0.94; p=0.008) for total tocopherols.

After talking about other factors into account, researchers said, "These results show that higher serum concentrations of some carotenoids and tocopherols are associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women".


Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered an adjunct therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Serum carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol concentrations and risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women by Zhang YY1, Lu L, Abliz G, Mijit F. (PubMed)

Antioxidant Lycopene Protects the Arteries Against the Onset Atherosclerosis in Vivo

Atherosclerosis is a condition caused by long-term plaques built up on the wall of the arteries. Over time, continued plaques accumulation can lead to cardiovascular disease.

In other words, narrowing the arteries due to plaques accumulation is a major cause of heart disease and stroke.

Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.

Epidemiologically, the most common risk factors of atherosclerosis are unhealthy blood cholesterol levels associated with high levels of bad and low levels of good cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, insulin resistance, diabetes, overweight or obesity, physical inactivity.

The most common symptoms found in patients with antiatherosclerosis are involved in the reduced blood flow to the body including, chest pain or angina, pain in the leg, and arm, shortness of breath, and fatigue and confusion.

Some researchers suggested that the promotion of a high-fat diet that induces widespread obesity in the Western world may be one of the major culprits that cause atherosclerosis.

Dr. Lovren F and colleagues wrote, "Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease characterized by an accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat, which leads to a predisposition toward cardiometabolic diseases".

And, " A plethora of mechanisms, including abnormalities in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, adipokine imbalance, and inflammasome activation have been suggested to underlie the relationship between obesity and atherosclerosis.".


Lycopene is a phytochemical found in tomatoes in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

On finding a potent compound for the protection of arterial functions, researchers investigated the effects of lycopene on the diet-induced increase in serum lipid levels and the initiation of atherosclerosis in an animal model.

New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. enrolled in the study were divided into four groups of 9 animals each, fed either a standard diet, a high-cholesterol diet containing 0.5% cholesterol, a high-cholesterol diet containing placebo beadlets, or a high-cholesterol diet plus 5 mg/kg body weight/day of lycopene (in the form of lycopene beadlets), for 4 weeks.

According to the chemical analysis of phytochemicals, the animal group treated with lycopene beadlets showed significantly elevated lycopene plasma levels compared to other groups.


The lycopene group demonstrated a significant reduction of 50% in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol serum levels compared to the high-cholesterol and placebo groups.

Levels of cholesteryl ester accumulated in the aorta were significantly decreased in the lycopene treated group without a significant decrease in the extent of aortic surface lipid accumulation.

In other words, lycopene inhibited some parameters associated with the increased risk of atherosclerosis, particularly in cholesterol levels.

Based on the findings, researchers concluded, "Lycopene supplementation for 4 weeks increased lycopene plasma levels in the animals. Although we found strongly reduced total and LDL cholesterol serum levels as well as significantly lower amounts of cholesteryl ester in the aortae in the lycopene-treated group".

Moreover, in the comparison of the antiatherosclerotic effect of two antioxidants such as astaxanthin and lycopene in the animal model, lycopene exerted an anti-atherosclerotic property in high cholesterol diet-fed rats by decreasing TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and triglycerides and increased HDL-C level significantly compared to the control.


Lycopene used a combination with Astaxanthin also showed better hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic potential compared to the individual application.

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomatoes may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Evaluation of Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic, and Antiatherogenic Property of Lycopene and Astaxanthin in Atherosclerosis-induced Rats by Kumar R1, Salwe KJ2, Kumarappan M. (PubMed)
(2) Effects of lycopene on the initial state of atherosclerosis in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits by Lorenz M1, Fechner M, Kalkowski J, Fröhlich K, Trautmann A, Böhm V, Liebisch G, Lehneis S, Schmitz G, Ludwig A, Baumann G, Stangl K, Stangl V. (PubMed)

Beta-Sitosterol Inhibits the Obesity- Related Chronic Inflammation

Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system in the stimulation of the production of inflammatory cytokines with an aim to protect our body against infectious agents in the acute phase of bodily injury and tissue damage.

Inflammation can be acute or chronic. In the acute phase of infection, the immune system after receiving information from the neurons, macrophages, the largest white blood cells in the first line of defense stimulate the production of blood palette to cover the wound and the production of inflammatory cytokines to kill off micro-organisms, leading to symptoms of fever, redness, and swelling.

However, in many instances, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause cell death and tissue damage, leading to irreversible organ damage with large scars formation.

For example, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the healing of hepatitis virus infection can lead to liver scars.

Furthermore, inflammation that lasts more than 3 months may be considered chronic inflammation, a leading cause of chronic diseases.

Chronic inflammation occurs when the immune system no longer has the ability to kill off all the infectious agents, during the onset of acute infection.

Moreover, chronic inflammation also happens in people with autoimmune disorders. In this case, the immune system attacks the bodily normal healthy tissue, by mistaking them for foreign pathogens that cause disease.

Obesity is a chronic and medical condition caused by excess body fat accumulated to some extent that impacts personal health. The hallmark of obesity is attenuated metabolism and structural cell changes in the obese fat observed by reducing metabolic activity.

According to the statistics provided by the National Center for Health Statistics (2015-2016), in the US, approximately 39.8% of adults aged 20 and over were obese accompanied by another 31.8% overweight.

Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory response, associated with abnormal production, pro-inflammatory cytokines are observed by several biological markers.

Conditions associated with obesity-related chronic inflammation are cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndromes, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis,


Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, researchers elucidated the physiological roles of phytosterols in both clinical studies and animal experiments on obesity-related chronic inflammation.

According to the chemical analysis, serum sitosterol level showed a negative correlation with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and the TNF-α) in both diabetic subjects (n=46) and non-diabetic subjects (n=178).

According to the Multiple regression analyses, ABCG5/8 hetero mice with elevated plasma sitosterol levels without any modulation of food intake fed a high-fat diet, inhibited the increase in body weight, fatty liver changes, and the expansion of perigonadal adipose tissues, compared to high fat diet-fed only ABCG5/8 hetero mice.

Furthermore, parameters associated with obese related inflammation such as the plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels, the expressions of TNF-α and PAI-1 in the liver, and the expressions of the IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels in the adipose tissue were lower in ABCG5/8 KO mice were lower in the ABCG5/8 hetero mice with elevated plasma sitosterol.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "These results suggest that sitosterol might suppress obesity-related chronic inflammation and might be applicable to the treatment of metabolic diseases".


Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related chronic inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Sitosterol prevents obesity-related chronic inflammation by Kurano M1, Hasegawa K2, Kunimi M2, Hara M3, Yatomi Y1, Teramoto T4, Tsukamoto K. (Europe PMC)

Lycopene Inhibits Pulmonary Emphysema in Vivo

The lung-formed part of the circulatory system plays an essential and unique role in taking oxygen to the blood and exhaling carbon dioxide from the blood.
In other words, any diseases involved in breathing problems that reduce the function of the lung are pulmonary diseases.

Lung diseases are a group of medical conditions that cause the reduced function of the lung inhaling oxygen to the blood and exhaling carbon dioxide from the blood.

Pulmonary diseases are a class of diseases associated with the lungs, including asthma, COPD, influenza, pneumonia and tuberculosis, and lung cancer.

In other words, any diseases involved in breathing problems that reduce the function of the lung are pulmonary diseases.

The most common pulmonary diseases are asthma, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the airway of the lung with recurring symptoms, such as wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The disease affects people of all ages, and mostly starts during childhood; pneumothorax, a condition of collection of air within the pleural cavity, from either the outside or from the lung, and bronchitis is a condition of an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi, the larger and medium-sized airways that carry airflow from the trachea into the lung parenchyma.

Emphysema is a type of COPD with a long-term and progressive condition that causes shortness of breath, depending to the stage of lung function associated with the damage of tissues of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs.

Most common causes of pulmonary emphysema, smoking, exposure to air pollution, such as chemical fumes, dust, and other substances, and irritating fumes and dust at work.

Dr. Stephen I. Rennard, the lead scientist wrote, "Emphysema is characterized by enlargement of alveolar spaces together with destruction of alveolar walls in the absence of obvious fibrosis (1). Far and away, the most common cause of pulmonary emphysema is cigarette smoking".

And, "Cigarette smoke causes an inflammatory response in the lower respiratory tract characterized by the accumulation of pigment-laden alveolar macrophages together with the recruitment of smaller numbers of neutrophils (1, 2)".

Lycopene is a phytochemical found in tomatoes in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of colitis researchers examined the effects of lycopene on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on emphysema.

Mice selected to the study were treated by two different doses of lycopene (25 or 50 mg/kg/day, diluted in sunflower oil by orogastric gavage before exposing to 60 days of CS or not (CG).

According to the tested analysis, lycopene not only promoted a reduction in the number of total leukocytes counts and improved patients with pulmonary emphysema.


Furthermore, lycopene promotes the balanced ratio of free radical and antioxidant enzymes by decreasing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage and increasing the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH content.

Levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10. which were elevated by the injection of CS were also decreased by the application of lycopene.

Additionally, the decrease in myeloperoxidase activity and nitrite content. associated with overexpression of free radicals induced inflammation was also inhibited by the lycopene.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " our data elucidated the role of lycopene as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in mice exposed to CS".

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomatoes may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary emphysema, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.



Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Lycopene mitigates pulmonary emphysema induced by cigarette smoke in a murine model by Campos KKD1, de Oliveira Ramos C1, Martins TL1, Costa GP2, Talvani A2, Garcia CCM3, Oliveira LAM4, Cangussú SD1, Costa DC5, Bezerra FS. (PubMed)
(2) Cigarette Smoke Inhibits Alveolar Repair. A Mechanism for the Development of Emphysema by Stephen I. Rennard , Shinsaku Togo , and Olaf Holz. (ATS Journals)