Inflammation can be acute or chronic. In the acute phase of infection, the immune system after receiving information from the neurons, macrophages, the largest white blood cells in the first line of defense stimulate the production of blood palette to cover the wound and the production of inflammatory cytokines to kill off micro-organisms, leading to symptoms of fever, redness, and swelling.
However, in many instances, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause cell death and tissue damage, leading to irreversible organ damage with large scars formation.
For example, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the healing of hepatitis virus infection can lead to liver scars.
Furthermore, inflammation that lasts more than 3 months may be considered chronic inflammation, a leading cause of chronic diseases.
Chronic inflammation occurs when the immune system no longer has the ability to kill off all the infectious agents, during the onset of acute infection.
Moreover, chronic inflammation also happens in people with autoimmune disorders. In this case, the immune system attacks the bodily normal healthy tissue, by mistaking them for foreign pathogens that cause disease.
Obesity is a chronic and medical condition caused by excess body fat accumulated to some extent that impacts personal health. The hallmark of obesity is attenuated metabolism and structural cell changes in the obese fat observed by reducing metabolic activity.
According to the statistics provided by the National Center for Health Statistics (2015-2016), in the US, approximately 39.8% of adults aged 20 and over were obese accompanied by another 31.8% overweight.
Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory response, associated with abnormal production, pro-inflammatory cytokines are observed by several biological markers.
Conditions associated with obesity-related chronic inflammation are cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndromes, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis,
Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat. etc.
On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, researchers elucidated the physiological roles of phytosterols in both clinical studies and animal experiments on obesity-related chronic inflammation.
According to the chemical analysis, serum sitosterol level showed a negative correlation with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and the TNF-α) in both diabetic subjects (n=46) and non-diabetic subjects (n=178).
According to the Multiple regression analyses, ABCG5/8 hetero mice with elevated plasma sitosterol levels without any modulation of food intake fed a high-fat diet, inhibited the increase in body weight, fatty liver changes, and the expansion of perigonadal adipose tissues, compared to high fat diet-fed only ABCG5/8 hetero mice.
Furthermore, parameters associated with obese related inflammation such as the plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels, the expressions of TNF-α and PAI-1 in the liver, and the expressions of the IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 levels in the adipose tissue were lower in ABCG5/8 KO mice were lower in the ABCG5/8 hetero mice with elevated plasma sitosterol.
Based on the findings, researchers said, "These results suggest that sitosterol might suppress obesity-related chronic inflammation and might be applicable to the treatment of metabolic diseases".
Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related chronic inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Sitosterol prevents obesity-related chronic inflammation by Kurano M1, Hasegawa K2, Kunimi M2, Hara M3, Yatomi Y1, Teramoto T4, Tsukamoto K. (Europe PMC)
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