Antioxidant Omega -3 Fatty Acids Inhibits the Prevalent Factors Involved in the Onset of colorectal cancer

Cancer is a class of diseases associated with irregular cell growth in the tissue of organs.
The colon-rectum formed a part of the digestive system is involved in the absorption of water from the small bowel contents and broken down of certain materials in the feces into substances of which some of them to be reabsorbed and reused by the body.

Colorectal cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth irregularly in the tissue of the colon or rectum due to the alternation of cells DNA, including

*Rectal cancer is the slowest growing cancer. Therefore, most cases of rectal cancer are diagnosed at the advanced stage in the older population.
* Colon cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progressing in a predictable way.

Most cases of primary colon cancer start in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the colon. At the early stage. most patients with colon cancer do not experience any symptoms.

The common type of colorectal cancer are adenocarcinomas, which originated in epithelium tissues and squamous cells that make up the bowel lining together with the gland cells,

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in the US, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women compared to other types of cancer.

The lifetime risk of colorectal cancer is 1 in 22 (4.49%) for men and 1 in 24 (4.15%) for women.

Approximately, 140,000 cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in the US in 2018. Colorectal cancer also causes the death of over 50, 000 people, representing 8.3% of total cancer death.

Being overweight or obese. smoking, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol drinking, the increase in age, family and personal history, genetic preposition are some of the prevalent risks of the disease.


Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of clonic diseases, researchers examined omega-3 PUFAs influences on DNA methylation level in colorectal cancer (CRC) rat model.

According to the tested analysis of N-methyl phosphite nitrourea and omega-3, PUFAs fed to the rats during tumor induction, tumor incidence in omega-3 treated rats was much lower than in CRC model rats.
In other words, omega-3 PUFAs process anti colorectal cancer properties.

More precisely, 6 PUFA members categorized to omega-3 and omega-6 families showed similar activity in lowering the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs in the omega-3 PUFAs treatment group than in the CRC model group.

Interestingly, the normal cytosine nucleotide DNA (5 mC) content, in omega-3 PUFAs treated rats was higher than in CRC model rats. These results suggested that omega-3 PUFAs promoted 5 mC synthesis.

Where 5mC oxidation reaction is mutated in human tumors.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "omega-3 PUFAs probably inhibited tumor growth via regulating DNA methylation process, which provided a novel anticancer mechanism of omega-3 PUFAs from epigenetic view".

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish oil and plant oil may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibited Tumor Growth via Preventing the Decrease of Genomic DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer Rats by Huang Q1, Wen J1, Chen G1, Ge M1, Gao Y1, Ye X1, Liu C1, Cai C. (PubMed)
(2) Effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, tumor marker CEA, and nutritional status in patients with colorectal cancer: a study protocol for a double blind randomized controlled trial by Haidari F1, Abiri B2, Iravani M3, Razavi SM4, Sarbakhsh P5, Ahmadi-Angali K6, Vafa M. (PubMed)