Omega-3 Fatty Acids Induce Apoptosis in Mammary Cancer Cells in Vitro

Cancer is a class of chronic diseases associated with irregular cell growth in the tissues of the affected organ.
The mammary gland located in the breasts of females is responsible for lactation.

Both males and females have glandular tissue within the breasts; however, in females, the glandular tissue begins to develop after puberty in response to estrogen release.

A mammary tumor is a medical and chronic condition that originated from the milk-producing gland.

The mammary gland located in the breasts of females is responsible for lactation.

Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk.


There are also rare cases that which breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast.


In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of a woman is 1/8.



Most cases of mammary cancer are first found in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the milk-producing gland, before penetrating deeper into the layers.

At the advanced stage, the malignant cancer cells can also travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis.

Epidemiologically, mammary cancer has been found to spread to the colon and the liver.

Most common risk factors of mammary cancer are similar to those of breast cancer, including, aging, physical inactivity, being obese or overweight, family and personal history, having a dense breast, radiation therapy, pregnancy history, genetic proposition, particularly in women who had used drug diethylstilbestrol (DES).
Conventionally, treatment of mammary gland cancer is totally dependent on the stage and grade of cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination.

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.


The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of breast cancer, researchers examined the effects of omega 3 on the signaling pathway impacted by syndecan-1 (SDC-1) induced apoptosis in vitro and Vivo.


According to the tested analysis,* In MCF-7 cells and SK-BR-3 cells, DHA and an SDC-1 ectodomain impaired signaling of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway associated with mitogens, and growth factors and pro-apoptotic protein to induce apoptosis.


* In Fat-1 mice that is a genetic model able to convert n-6 to n-3 PUFA to result in higher SDC-1 levels in Fat-1 mammary tissue compared with that of wild-type (wt) mice, which showed a lower level of apoptosis compared to elevated signaling of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in MCF-7 cells and SK-BR-3 cells.


* Moreover, SDC-1(-/-) mice demonstrated markedly higher levels of mitogens, growth factors, and pro-apoptotic protein in mammary gland tissue compared with those of SDC(+/+) mice.

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish oil and plant oil may be considered a functional food for the prevention of breast cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Omega-3 fatty acids induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and mouse mammary tissue through syndecan-1 inhibition of the MEK-Erk pathway by Sun H1, Hu Y, Gu Z, Owens RT, Chen YQ, Edwards IJ. (PubMed)