Oleanolic Acid, The Promising Anti-Lung Cancer Phytochemical

The lung formed part of the circulatory system plays an essential and unique role in taking oxygen to the blood and exhaling carbon dioxide from the blood.

Additionally, the lung also processes other ability in protecting our body against disease, including
* By balancing the pH levels, the lung protects the body against the accumulation of too much carbon dioxide. High levels of carbon dioxide are known to induce acidity in the body.

* By removing small blood clots the lung protects the body against the forming air embolisms.

* The airflow produced by the lung also help us to speak.

* The lung also protects the infection through the secretion of immunoglobulin A.

Any part of the lung injury can reduce lung function, leading to either obstructive or restrictive lung diseases or mixed lung disease, depending on a person's breathing.

Lung cancer is a condition of the abnormal growth of the cells in the lung's tissue. The most common form of primary lung cancers is derived from epithelial cells. In the US, Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, causing 158,683 people deaths, including 88,329 men and 70,354 women, according to the 2007 statistic.

Most common types of non-small cell lung cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer. It usually grows and spreads methodically and predictably.
* Squamous-cell carcinoma often found in an outer area of the lung,
* Large-cell carcinoma found in the center of the lung by an air tube
* Adenocarcinoma found in any part of the lung.

Oleanolic acid is a phytochemical in the subclass of Triterpenoid, belonging to the group of Terpenes found abundantly in honey mesquite, garlic, java apple, clove, etc.

On finding a potential plant that processes anti-cancer activity researchers examined the effect of triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid (OA) and hederagenin on lung cancer.


According to the results of the analysis of the synthetic compound 17 OA/hederagenin-NO donor hybrids,* The most potent compound, 13, significantly inhibited the proliferation of five tumor cell lines (IC50 4.6-5.2 μM), while hederagenin inhibited the growth of only A549 tumor cells (IC50 > 10 μM).

* The compounds 13 showed stronger inhibitory effects on EGFR-LTC kinase activity (IC50 0.01 μM) that prevents autophagic cell death than hederagenin (IC50 > 20 μM) and inhibited the proliferation of gefitinib-resistant H1975 (IC50 8.1 μM) and osimertinib-resistant H1975-LTC (IC50 7.6 μM) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

* Moreover, compound 13 produced the most NO in H1975 tumor cells, which indicated that NO may play a synergistic role in the inhibition of lung cancer cells.

Collectively, researchers said, "compound 13, a novel hederagenin-NO donor hybrid with a different chemical structure from those of the current FDA-approved EGFR-targeted anti-NSCLC drugs".

Taken altogether, oleanolic acid may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Discovery of an Oleanolic Acid/Hederagenin-Nitric Oxide Donor Hybrid as an EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Chen Z1, Huang KY2,3, Ling Y4, Goto M5, Duan HQ1, Tong XH1, Liu YL1, Cheng YY5, Morris-Natschke SL5, Yang PC6, Yang SL1, Lee KH. (PubMed)