Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in many countries, affecting even younger age populations inducing an economic burden in the health care system for treatment of obesity-related disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases(1).
Obesity is a chronic and medical condition caused by excess body fat accumulated to some extent that impacts personal health. The hallmark of obesity is attenuated metabolism and structural cell changes in the obese fat observed by reducing metabolic activity.
Visceral fat is a layer of fat that surrounds the organs. Overexpression of visceral fat has been found to promote insulin resistance, diabetes, heart disease, and inflammation.
In obese, accumulation of visceral fat is predominant in the intra-abdominal cavity.
According to the BMI index, a person is considered overweight, if he/she has a BMI between 25 to 29.9 kg/m2. A BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more is an indication of obesity.
Weight loss is a process that intentionally reduces the total body mass, through the decrease of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue or lean mass.
Due to the widespread obesity in North America (over 68% of the US population is either overweight or obese), many weight loss products were created by manufacturers.
The weight loss products is a 66 billion business in the US, according to the statistic provided by the Marketdata LLC research firm. And the business continues to grow at a rapid rate.
Are the weight loss products work? I don't think so. Otherwise, the percentage of the overweight population in the US should be decreased substantially.
In other words, all weight loss products may have a complex structure or a long-term commitment before the results can be seen.
Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.
The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases associated with obesity, researchers examined the relationship between levels of serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA), as well as EPA/AA ratio and weight loss during hospitalization in participants considered to be overweight, with type 2 diabetes.
The study included 142 patients who were hospitalized for treatment of type 2 diabetes divided into two groups depending on the achievement in the reduction of body weight by 3% or more during hospitalization.
According to the tested analysis,
* After the adjustment was made for several confounders, the hazard ratio of effective weight loss for logarithmical serum EPA was 1.59 (95% CI 1.02-2.49, P = 0.04) and for logarithmical EPA/AA ratio 1.64 (1.03-2.61, P = 0.04), whereas the hazard ratio for effective weight loss for logarithmical serum AA was 1.11 (0.45-2.78, P = 0.82).
* Furthermore, after dividing EPA/AA ratio and serum EPA into quartiles based on participant number, the hazard ratio for the highest quartile of EPA/AA ratio was 2.33 for the highest quartile of serum EPA 1.60 (0.80-3.19, P = 0.18) compared with the lowest quartile.
More precisely, EPA is involved in body weight change under a caloric-restriction regimen.
In other words, a high serum level of EPA, relative to the level of AA, can lead to a reduction of adipose tissue weight through the anti-inflammatory effects of EPA.
Based on the finding, researchers said, " EPA/AA ratio was found to be a better predictor of medical intervention for weight loss among overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, compared with serum EPA level".
Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish oil and plant oil may be considered a functional food for inducing weight loss, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratio and weight loss during hospitalization for glycemic control among overweight Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective observational study by Nakanishi S1, Hirukawa H2, Shimoda M2, Tatsumi F2, Kohara K2, Obata A2, Okauchi S2, Kinoshita T2, Sanada J2, Fushimi Y2, Nishioka M2, Kan Y2, Tomita A2, Mashiko A2, Horiya M2, Iwamoto Y2, Mune T2, Kaku K3, Kaneto H. (PubMed)
(2) Rising Burden of Obesity in Asia by Ambady Ramachandran and Chamukuttan Snehalatha(Journey of Obesity)
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