Gut microbiota is a community of microbes living in the gastrointestinal tract, including at least 1000 different species of known bacteria with more than 3 million genes.
Gut microbiota or gastrointestinal microbiota, the complex community of microorganisms play a critical role in a variety of metabolic functions, including produced vitamins, synthesized all essential and nonessential amino acids, and carried out biotransformation of bile.
Gut microbiota protects the intestinal structures and functions by attaching to the gut wall against the entry of pathogenic, enteroinvasive bacteria into the epithelial cells.
In a healthy individual, the levels of gut microbiota are balanced that allows the body to function in an optimal way.
Furthermore, gut microbiota also is found to stimulate the production of some vitamins (B and K), digest certain foods that the stomach and small intestine have not been able to digest, particularly in the combat against the aggression of other bad microorganisms.
However, alterations in gut microbiota composition have been found in patients with a low-grade inflammatory state, leading to an increased risk of several diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.
Overexpression of certain harmful bacterias in the gut such as E. coli can utilize a complex arsenal of virulence factors to colonize and persist in the intestine.
In other words, although the digestive tract can adapt to change, the loss of balance in gut microbiota may induce dysbiosis., leading to health problems of functional bowel disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, obesity, and diabetes.
The are many risk factors associated with gut microbiota imbalance. Some researchers suggested that the major causes of the condition may be a result of the promotion of a high-fat diet over the past few decades.
From the immune perspective, gut microbiota protects the intestines by alerting the immune response against foreign invasion through specific receptors, leading to an immune system in inducing the proinflammatory cytokines.
Devil's Club is a large shrub, genus Oplopanax, belonging to the family Aralioideae, native to the cool moist forests of western North America.
The herb has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as Adaptogen, Antipyretic, Pain Reliever, Antitussive, Antibacterial agent and to treat Arthritis, Diabetes, Colds, Cough, Sore throat, Chest congestion, Stomach pain, Constipation, Gall stones, Influenza, Cancer, etc.
On finding a potential compound for improvement of digestive functioning, scientists examined the polyyne-enriched fraction (PEFO) from Devil's club effects on gut microbiota and colorectal cancer cells after oral administration.
According to the tested analysis,* The antiproliferative effects of PEFO incubated with human gut microbiota for 72 h (PEFO I) was much lower than that of PEFO on HCT-116, SW-480, and HT-29 cells.
* PEFO possessed better anti-CRC activity in vivo, and significantly induced apoptosis of the CRC cells, which was associated with activation of caspase-3 in the induction of apoptosis.
More precisely, the anti-colorectal cancer activity of polyynes might be antagonized by some bio-converted metabolites after incubation with human gut microbiota.
Collectively, researchers said, "Therefore, it might be better for CRC prevention if the polyynes could be orally administrated as purified compounds".
Taken altogether, coltsfoot may be considered a remedy for the protection of gut functioning in patients with colorectal cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Chemo-Preventive Potential of Falcarindiol-Enriched Fraction from Oplopanax elatus on Colorectal Cancer Interfered by Human Gut Microbiota by Wang J1,2, Shao L3, Rao T1,2, Zhang W1,2, Huang WH. (PubMed)
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