Phytochemical Alliin Eradicates Ovarian Cancer Cells in Vitro and Vivo

The ovaries are an oval-shaped ovum-producing reproductive organ formed part of a woman's reproductive system connected to the fallopian tubes and attached to the outer layer of the uterus via the ovarian ligament.

Usually, the left and right ovaries take a turn to release an egg every month.

Ovarian cancer a medical condition of abnormal cells grow in the tissues of the ovary.

It is one of the most common cancers in the US, according to the statistics adapted from the American Cancer Society, in 2010, approximately, 21,880 women in the United States were diagnosed with ovarian cancer and ovarian cancer also causes the death of 13,850 women.


The exact causes of ovarian cancer are not identified. However, most common prevalent factors associated with the onset are

* Age
The risk of ovarian cancer increases for women between 50 to 70 years of age.

* Heredity
Women who carry certain mutation genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for 5%–13% of ovarian cancers.

* Family history
Increased risk of the disease, if one of your direct member family has a history of cancer.

*Never pregnant
Researchers found that the risk of ovarian cancer is lower with the number of pregnancies.

* Race
White women are associated with a higher risk than other races.

* Hormone therapy
Risk of ovarian cancer increase with the use of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women.

* Chemicals exposures
Certain chemicals such as asbestos also increase the risk of ovarian cancer

* High fat dietary
Researchers found that women who diet high in saturated fat and trans fat are at higher risk.

* Fertility Medication
Drugs used to enhance fertility such as Clomiphene citrate may increase the risk of ovarian cancer.

*Milk
In a report According to the BBC, researchers found that women who drank two or more glasses a day were at double the risk of those who did not consume it at all, or only in small amounts.

Dr. Ellen Løkkegaard, MD, Ph.D.; the lead scientist wrote, "In an average of 8.0 years of follow-up (7.3 million women-years), 3068 incident ovarian cancers, of which 2681 were epithelial cancers, were detected. Compared with women who never took hormone therapy, current users of hormones had incidence rate ratios for all ovarian cancers of 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-1.51) and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.30-1.58) for epithelial ovarian cancer".

And, "Regardless of the duration of use, the formulation, estrogen dose, regimen, progestin type, and route of administration, hormone therapy was associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer".


In other words, postmenopausal women who take hormone therapy are at an increased risk of ovarian cancer compared to those who do not.

Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.

In the urgency to find a potential ingredient for the treatment of ovarian cancer, researchers examined the effect of phytochemical alliin as a chemical conjugate between daidzein and the garlic enzyme alliinase on ovarian cancer cells.

In vitro, daidzein-alliinase-CyTE-777 conjugates, according to the NIR and bioluminescence imaging exerted a significant anti antitumor effect.

In vivo, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with daidzein-alliinase and alliin effectively attenuated tumor progression during the first 12 days compared to a 5-fold increase in bioluminescence detected in placebo-treated animals.

Furthermore, according to the Histological examination of organs and tissues, daidzein-alliinase and alliin induced cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cells without causing harm to nearby healthy cells.

In other words, there were no additional foci of carcinoma or signs of toxicity.


Based on the findings, researchers said, "the targeted alliinase conjugates in the presence of alliin, generated therapeutically effective levels of allicin which were capable of suppressing tumor progression of intraperitoneal ovarian cancer in an animal model".

Taken altogether, alliin used alone or combined with another herbal remedy may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of alliin in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Conjugates of daidzein-alliinase as a targeted pro-drug enzyme system against ovarian carcinoma by Appel E1, Rabinkov A, Neeman M, Kohen F, Mirelman D. (PubMed)
(2) Hormone Therapy and Ovarian Cancer by Lina Steinrud Mørch, MSc; Ellen Løkkegaard, MD, Ph.D.; Anne Helms Andreasen, MSc. (the Jama Network)