Phytochemical Tocopherol Inhibits the Onset of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Elderly

Age-related diseases are medical conditions associated with the increase of age.
Most recently age-related diseases in the elderly are cardiovascular diseases and macular degeneration.

Cardiovascular diseases are a group of conditions triggered by the abnormal function of the heart and blood vessels abnormality.

Age-related macular degeneration is a medical condition that causes irreversible blurring of the central vision in people over age 60.

In other words, AMD may cause significant visual disability.

Most cases of the early stage of AMD were diagnosed during routine eye health examinations.


The elderly at the early stage of age-related macular degeneration is asymptomatic. However, some patients may experience symptoms of slightly blurred central vision. Most cases of the early stage of AMD were diagnosed during routine eye health examinations.

Over time, age-related macular degeneration may affect the vision including the reading as the blurred area increased in size.

Advanced age-related macular degeneration has been found to induce irreversible blindness and visual impairment, according to epidemiological studies.

According to statistics, approximately 11 million people in the US have some form of age-related macular degeneration. The risk of getting advanced age-related macular degeneration increases from 2% for those ages 50-59 to nearly 30% for those over the age of 75.
Besides aging, some researchers suggest that other factors such as smoking, family history, gender, race, sun exposure, diet, and obesity also increase the risk of AMD developing.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of degenerative diseases, researchers examined the effect of β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols scavenging free radical and cation radicals of another form of vitamin A-retinal against the onset of age-related macular degeneration.

According to the analysis, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols showed a significant in scavenging of cation radicals of retinal, followed by retinoic acid, (0.03 to 5.6) × 109 M-1·s-1, and retinol, (0.08 to 1.6) × 108 M-1·s-1.

Trolox is substantially less efficient at scavenging retinoid cation radicals than α-tocopherol and urate, but it is more efficient at scavenging the cation radicals of retinoic acid and retinol than δ-tocopherol.

These scavenging activities suggest that tocopherols can effectively compete with amino acids and proteins for retinoid cation radicals, thereby protecting these important biomolecules from oxidation.


Based on the results, researchers said, "tocopherols can diminish the oxidative damage to the skin and retina and thereby protect from skin photosensitivity and the development and/or progression of changes in blinding retinal diseases such as Stargardt's disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)".


Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered a supplement for reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Scavenging of Retinoid Cation Radicals by Urate, Trolox, and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-Tocopherols by Rozanowska M1,2, Edge R3, Land EJ4, Navaratnam S5, Sarna T6, Truscott TG. (PubMed)