The Smoothie of Cinnamon, Whole Food Papaya and Green Tea for reduced Risk and Treatment of Diabetes

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The smoothie for people with higher risk of diabetes and Diabetes

Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each)
1 3/4 cup whole food papaya
1/4 tsp cinnamon

1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams(2 tea bags) of green tea, a slice of ginger and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and set aside for cooling to room temperature)
1. Place whole food papaya, cinnamon and green tea drink in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.
3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for reduced risk and treatment of diabetes has encountered many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially the promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in either large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases,diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system

Cinnamon, a kitchen spicy in many cultures, may have gained many believers, including medical professions because of its anti diabetic effect, through regulating the blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic subjects. According to herbalists, intake of 1/4 tsp. in the morning and evening may reduce the blood sugar significantly with little or no adverse effects.

The herb has been use in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-fungal and bacteria level to improve reproductive organ, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.(1).

According to the 2011 statistic from National Diabetes InformationClearinghouse (NDIC), among U.S. residents ages 65 years and older, 10.9 million, or 26.9 percent, had diabetes in 2010, about 215,000 people younger than 20 years had diabetes—type 1 or type 2—in the United States in 2010 and approximately, 1.9 million people ages 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010 in the United States.

In a total of 66 patients with type 2 diabetes study conducted by Xuhui District Central Hospital, showed a significant reduction of blood triglyceride levels in the low-dose group, after 3 months of oral administration(2)

Some researchers suggested that cinnamon extract may improve fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance without altering the insulin secretion, through lower triglyceride and increased liver glycogen content and improved insulin action in liver tissues(3).

Dr. Kim SH and Dr. Choung SY. told PubMed "The effect of cinnamon in significantly increases insulin sensitivity, reduces serum, and hepatic lipids, and improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia possibly by regulating the PPAR(in regulation of metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein))-medicated glucose and lipid metabolism"(4)

In support of the above, chromium(Cr) and polyphenols found in cinnamon(Cinnamomon cassia) indicated a improvement of glucose, insulin, cholesterol and HbA1c(Glucose lab test) in patients with type 2 diabetesfollowing Cr supplementation, in a double-blind placebo-controlled study(7).

Unfortunately, according to the Western University of Health Sciences, consumption of cinnamon is associated with a statistically significant decrease in levels of fasting plasma glucose, but insisted that high degree of heterogeneity may limit the ability to apply these results to patient care, due to the unclear preferred dose and duration of therapy(5)

A randomized clinical trial in which 70 Patients with type II diabetesassigned randomly two groups (35 in cinnamon and 35 in placebo group for the testing of the effect of cinnamon on the glucose level in blood, indicated an insignificant effect of using cinnamon on glucose level of diabetic patients and the herb should not be recommended to patients with type II diabetes depending on further studies(6).

People with Type II Diabetes may also be thinking to add whole food papaya into their diet. the recent study suggested(7) ,
The finding not only showed the effectiveness of unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya) in inhibition α-amylase, α-glucosidase, but also induced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner, in rat pancreas(7).
The key enzymes of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, have been linked to onset of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of these enzymes can significantly reduce the post-prandial increase of blood glucose and have been considered by therapists in use for management of blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic and borderline patients(8).

In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats study, the aqueous extract of leaves of C. papaya administered strongly controlled blood glucose levels(9), through prevention of hepatocyte disruption, as well as accumulation of glycogen and lipids via its hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect(10)

In a new study, conducted by the researchers at the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, fermented papaya preparation was tested whether it improves dermal wound healing outcomes in adult diabetic mice by preventing the risk of infections(11).
The result was astonishing, the fermentation not only up regulated the Sp1 DNA binding activity(modulating the cellular response to DNA damage) in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but also the protein and mRNA expression of Rac2(regulates a number of cellular functions)(11).

A randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the Cardiac Centre, ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research and Department of Biosciences University of Mauritius, suggested that oral administration of 6g FPP®/day for a period of 14 weeks could improve the general health status of several organs targeted by oxidative stress duringdiabetes and suggested that the supplement may be used in the management the complications of diabetes such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disease and other conditions worsened by overt inflammation and oxidative stress(12).

Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate.

Green tea has ling been known for its effect on treatment of diabetes in ancient Chinese literature, probably due to green tea phytochemical polyphenols(14).

Dr. Solayman M and the research tea at the Universiti Sains Malaysia said, "Natural products containing high polyphenol levels can control carbohydrate metabolism by various mechanisms, such as protecting and restoring beta-cell integrity, enhancing insulin releasing activity, and increasing cellular glucose uptake"(15).

In a total of 17,413 persons (6727 men and 10,686 women; 49% of the original study population) who were 40 to 65 years of age, daily drinking of green tea reduced risk of diabetes by 33%, especially in women and in overweight men(13).

Furthermore, intake of green tea of 150 ml green tea, three times a day for four weeks, has positive effect on insulin resistance and certain lipoproteins in type 2 DM, according to the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science(16).

People who are at increased of diabetes due to family history, gene mutation, obesity.....should drink at least one serving daily and people with diabetes should drink no more than 4 serving a day, depending to digestive toleration.
Change life style and diet pattern are also recommended.

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References
(1) @Popular Herbs -Cinnamon
(2) Cinnamon extract improves fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes by Lu T, Sheng H, Wu J, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Chen Y.(PubMed)
(3) Cinnamon extract improves insulin sensitivity in the brain and lowers liver fat in mouse models of obesity by Sartorius T1, Peter A2, Schulz N3, Drescher A2, Bergheim I4, Machann J5, Schick F6, Siegel-Axel D2, Schürmann A3, Weigert C1, Häring HU1, Hennige AM(PubMed)
(4) Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi Cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice by Kim SH1, Choung SY.(PubMed)
(5) Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Allen RW1, Schwartzman E, Baker WL, Coleman CI, Phung OJ.(PubMed)
(6) The Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose of Type II Diabetes Patients by Hasanzade F1, Toliat M2, Emami SA3, Emamimoghaadam Z(PubMed)(7) Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas by water-extractable phytochemicals from unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya) by Oboh G, Olabiyi AA, Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO.(PubMed)
(8) Natural products as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and their hypoglycaemic potential in the treatment of diabetes: an update by Tundis R1, Loizzo MR, Menichini F.(PubMed)
(9) Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of aqueous extract ofCarica papaya Linn. leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by Maniyar Y, Bhixavatimath P.(PubMed)
(10) Hypoglycemic effect of Carica papaya leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Juárez-Rojop IE1, Díaz-Zagoya JC, Ble-Castillo JL, Miranda-Osorio PH, Castell-Rodríguez AE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Aguilar-Mariscal H, Ramón-Frías T, Bermúdez-Ocaña DY.(PubMed)
(11) Correction of aberrant NADPH oxidase activity in blood-derived mononuclear cells from type II diabetes mellitus patients by a naturally fermented papaya preparation by Dickerson R1, Deshpande B, Gnyawali U, Lynch D, Gordillo GM, Schuster D, Osei K, Roy S.(PubMed)
(12) Effects of a short term supplementation of a fermented papaya preparation on biomarkers of diabetes mellitus in a randomized Mauritian population by Somanah J1, Aruoma OI, Gunness TK, Kowelssur S, Dambala V, Murad F, Googoolye K, Daus D, Indelicato J, Bourdon E, Bahorun T.(PubMed)
(13) The relationship between green tea and total caffeine intake and risk for self-reported type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults by Iso H1, Date C, Wakai K, Fukui M, Tamakoshi A; JACC Study Group(PubMed)
(14) Polyphenols: Potential Future Arsenals in the Treatment of Diabetes by Solayman M, Ali Y, Alam F, Islam MA, Alam N, Khalil MI, Gan SH1(PubMed)
(15) Polyphenols: Potential Future Arsenals in the Treatment of Diabetes by Solayman M, Ali Y, Alam F, Islam MA, Alam N, Khalil MI, Gan SH1.(PubMed)
(16) The Effect of Green Tea versus Sour Tea on Insulin Resistance, Lipids Profiles and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial by Mozaffari-Khosravi H1, Ahadi Z1, Fallah Tafti M2.(PubMed)