Cruciferous vegetables Inhibit Advanced Glycation End Products in Induction of Diabetic Vascular Complications

Conventional medicine has tried for years to synthesize the effect of many herbal plants' for treatment of diseases, since the discoverer of penicillin the first antibiotic extracted from a very primitive plant, the fungus Penicillium, in 1928, used for the treatment of infection.

However, the findings have drawn many criticisms, as single ingredient isolated from herb through synthetic version for patent right and commercial profit has induced some serious side effect.

Some researchers suggested that by using the single ingredient to treat one ailment, conventional medicine may exhibit several side effect and conditions if such medications are taken in the long term.

According to traditional Chinese medicine, the single and synthetic version of conventional medicine is so powerful, long-term intake may cause damage to the kidney such as antibiotics, diuretics,...
and liver, such as statins, antibiotics......

According to Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, long-term use of some high blood pressure drugs associated with increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women(8).

But many researchers have raised the question of herbal quality, because geographic differences, time of grown and harvest, etc. may affect their's potency.

Cruciferous vegetable consumption regularly may be beneficiary in reduced risk of diabetic vascular complications, some scientists suggested.

Cruciferous vegetables are the group of vegetable belongings to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy,.... and broccoli.

Diabetic vascular complications are caused by a diverse group of highly oxidant compounds(advanced glycation end(AGEs) produced by modern heat-processed diet, inducing pathogenic significance in diabetes and several other chronic diseases.

Patients with diabetes are associated with intense levels of advanced glycation end products. The toxic substance accumulated over time may have significant damage effect in host organs and tissue, as aging progress.

In some cases, the toxins can cause death to the host.


Some researchers suggested that accumulated advanced glycation end products also consisted of a strong implication in escalated the aging process.


According to the Dr. JAIME URIBARRI, MD and colleagues at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, "The formation of new dAGEs during cooking was prevented by the AGE inhibitory compound aminoguanidine and significantly reduced by cooking with moist heat, using shorter cooking times, cooking at lower temperatures, and by use of acidic ingredients such as lemon juice or vinegar".


Due to its complex association to oxidative stress in the aging population, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have also strong implication in the induction of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer disease.


Diabetes is a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream in the regulation of glucose.

The disease is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.

Long-term uncontrolled diabetes may cause complications that can lead to renal failure and cardiovascular events.


Dr, Yamagishi S, the lead author said, " the Inhibition of AGE formation, blockade of the AGE-RAGE interaction, and suppression of RAGE expression or its downstream pathways may be novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of vascular complications in diabetes"

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) interaction with RAGE stimulate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly through the activity of NADPH oxidases, a membrane-bound enzyme with function in induction of ROS expression.

Some researchers insisted that diabetic vascular complications may be blocked if food-advanced glycation end products aggravated diabetic vascular complications can be modulated via the RAGE receptors in the removal of AGE.

According to the Kurume University School of Medicine, sulforaphane, a phytochemical compound found in cruciferous vegetables showed a potential effect against diabetic vascular complications, through its interference of proinflammatory reaction, reduction of oxidate stress.

In other words, application of sulforaphane exerted an inhibition of RAGE function in decreased DNA synthesis, apoptotic cell death in the host by increased monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 messenger RNA levels in protection against pro-inflammatory exertion in pericytes, the endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules.

This efficacy was found in cultured cells and experimental animals.

In vivo and vitro, sulforaphane suppressed inflammatory activation of vascular cells, induced potential beneficial effects to prevent vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis complication of diabetics.

Also. intake of cruciferous vegetables may reduce the risk of diabetic vascular complication as sulforaphane, a phytochemical compound in cruciferous vegetables not only inhibited the levels of advanced glycation end but also enhanced the production of Nrf2 in controlling of over 500 genes expression of cellular defense mechanisms.

The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor with the function that activates the natural antioxidant enzymes found in the host tissue in response to oxidative stress.


Oxidative stress is an indication imbalance of the ratio of the levels of antioxidants and free radical in the host body.


Therefore, in the prevention of diabetic vascular complications, people with diabetes may want to add a portion of cruciferous vegetables into their daily diet.

Intake of sulforaphane supplement should be taken with extreme care, as acute liver toxicity may be induced if overdose.



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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Protective role of sulphoraphane against vascular complications in diabetes by Yamagishi S1, Matsui T1. (PubMed)
(2) Agents that block advanced glycation end product (AGE)-RAGE (receptor for AGEs)-oxidative stress system: a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic vascular complications by Yamagishi S1, Nakamura K, Matsui T, Ueda S, Fukami K, Okuda S.(PubMed)
(3) The influence of sulforaphane on vascular health and its relevance to nutritional approaches to prevent cardiovascular disease by Paul C. Evans(PMC)
(4) Food-advanced glycation end products aggravate the diabetic vascular complications via modulating the AGEs/RAGE pathway by Lv X1, Lv GH1, Dai GY1, Sun HM2, Xu HQ3. (PubMed)
(5) Advanced glycation end product Key players in skin aging? by Paraskevi Gkogkolou and Markus Böhm(PMC)
(6) Advanced glycation end products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet by Uribarri J1, Woodruff S, Goodman S, Cai W, Chen X, Pyzik R, Yong A, Striker GE, Vlassara H.(PubMed)
(7) Neuronal cell death and regeneration in diseases associated with advanced glycation end-products accumulation by Bikbova G1, Oshitari T1, Yamamoto S(PubMed)
(8) Long-term use of some high blood pressure drugs associated with increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center