Fennel may have a potential and positive effect of induction of cytoprotection and antitumor activity against cancer expression, some scientists suggested.
The results were reported by several respectable institutes including the National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Health.
Cytoprotection is a natural process by which certain chemical compounds isolated exhibited protection to cells against harmful agents, including bacteria, virus, toxicity,...
Antitumor activity is also a process in inhibited cell growth irregularly and uncontrollably. Tumors can be benign or invasive.
Malignant tumors have the ability to travel outside of the original site to infect the nearby tissue or organs. Depending on the stage of invasive cancer, early discovered is one most important factor in the increased chance of survival.
According to a statistic from Canary Foundation, cancer strikes about 1 in 3 women and 1 in 2 men in the U.S and more than 560,000 die each year due to cancers.
The five years of the survival rate of breast and prostate in the early stage of discovery is closed to 100%.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of genus, belongings to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean, used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc
In an aim to evaluate the efficacy of fennel seed methanolic extract (FSME) for its antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities and for its capacity to serve as a nontoxic radioprotector, researchers at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo, launched an investigation in Swiss albino mice through injection of FSME, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally into mice bearing EAC before exposed to three 2-Gy doses of gamma irradiation.
During the 30 days of experiment, researchers found that application of fennel seed methanolic extract (FSME) exerts a strong effect at the C50 (mean standard deviation 50% inhibitory concentrations) at dose of 50 μg/mL and 48 μg/mL in inhibited the proliferation of the MCF7 breast cancer cell line and Hep-2 liver cancer cell line, respectively.
The treatment group also displayed a decreased level of MDA and improved natural antioxidants produced by the tissues of the host in compared to an elevation of MDA and significantly reduced levels of catalase and Glutathione (GSH) contents in control.
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a highly oxidative compound and considered as a marker of oxidative stress.
Catalase is a common enzyme and antioxidants produced by the host with function in inhibited free radical expression through de-composited hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.
Glutathione (GSH) is also an antioxidant enzyme with function in inhibited overexpression of reactive oxygen species and theirs' chain reaction.
Reduced levels of natural antioxidants produced by the host tissue show a strong effect in the imbalance of the ratio of antioxidants and free radical expression in the induction of early development of oxidative related diseases.
These results suggested that fennel seed methanolic extract (FSME) ameliorated overproduction of ROS caused by ingestion of doses of gamma irradiation through its antioxidants and enhanced antioxidants production of the mice tissue via the ratio of ROS and Antioxidants.
In other words, application of the fennel extract may have a potential in
* Reduced oxidative stress and protected mouse cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species.
* Improved natural antioxidants and oxidative stability of fatty foods during storage.
* Exhibited an antitumor effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting the antioxidant defense system in EAC-bearing mice with or without exposure to radiation.
Further illustration of the effect of whole food fennel in treatment of cancers and examination of the cytoprotective effects, researchers at the National Institute of Health conducted a comparison of five herbal supplements, designated FB, FM, PP, HF and FBL101, which contain different combinations of various natural herbs such as licorice, black cohosh, Dong Quai, false unicorn and vitex berry root against mice bearing CWR22R and PC3 prostate cancer xenografts.
According to the results of the experiment,
* All herbal medicine, FB, FM, PP, HF, and FBL101 inhibited PC3 tumor growth by 53%, 75%, 80%, 81%, and 87%, respectively.
* In CWR22R tumors, application of all supplements exerted a similar effect in suppression of the cancer cells proliferation.
* All applications did not show an inhibitory activity against levels of testosterone in compared to untreated mice.
However, supplements PP and FBL101 exerted a significantly reduced VEGF level, a potent angiogenic factor with function in the stimulated production of new blood vessels to ensure cell proliferation, in PC3 and CWR22R tumors.
* Intratumoral microvessel density was decreased in PC3 tumors treated with all five supplements but only in CWR22R tumors treated with HF.
Dr. Ng SS, the lead author said, "herbal supplements containing the aforementioned extracts inhibit the growth of prostate tumor xenografts, possibly in part by antiangiogenic mechanisms".
The above differentiation was supported by the Quaid-i-Azam University in the analysis of the antibacterial potential of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens and anticancer effect against MCF-7 cell line.
According to the results of the report, application of whole food fennel and fennel ethanol extract exhibited significant inhibition of cancer cells proliferation, induction of cancer cell apoptosis and reduction of growth of Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Taken together, fennel and its extracts may be used as functional food in the exertion of cytoprotection and antitumor activity.
However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its cytoprotection and antitumor possibilities.
Intake of fennel extracts should be taken with extreme care, as overdoses may cause acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects of methanolic extract and volatile oil of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare) by Mohamad RH1, El-Bastawesy AM, Abdel-Monem MG, Noor AM, Al-Mehdar HA, Sharawy SM, El-Merzabani MM. (PubMed)
(2) Antitumor activity of herbal supplements in human prostate cancer xenografts implanted in immunodeficient mice by Ng SS1, Figg WD. (PubMed)
(3) Study of anticancer and antibacterial activities of Foeniculum vulgare, Justicia adhatoda, and Urtica dioica as natural curatives by Batool R1, Salahuddin H1, Mahmood T1, Ismail M2. (PubMed)
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