Herbal Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens), the Anti-Inflammatory Remedy

Inflammation is the natural response of the immune system macrophages, the first line of defense in stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect our body against the infection caused by foreign microorganisms during the acute phase of body damage and injury.

Truly, the main focus of inflammation is to repair damage and injury.

Most cases of infection associated with inflammation are stopped at the acute phase. The wound or injury is slowly recovered.

However, overexpression of inflammatory cytokines in most cases can cause improper healing with scar formation or the death of nearby cells.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 8 weeks is considered chronic inflammation.

Believe it or not, worldwide, 3 of 5 death are results from chronic inflammatory diseases like stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disorders, cancer, obesity, and diabetes.

In the US, chronic inflammatory diseases affect more than 50 million Americans each year.


Diseases associated with low-grade inflammation include diabetes and cardiovascular.

Conventionally, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common medical drugs such as aspirin. ibuprofen in reducing inflammation associated with pain-relieving.


On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, scientists investigated the prepared an extract of Euphrasia officinalis, a traditional folk medicine, to synthesize gold nanoparticles (EO-AuNPs) anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Devil's claw also known as the wood spider, is a plant of genus Harpagophytum in the family of Pedaliaceae, native to South Africa.


The plant has been used as an herb in traditional and herbal medicine to treat fever, rheumatoid arthritis, skin, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach and kidney conditions, etc.

According to tested analysis, the successful synthesis of AuNPs by E. officinalis showed significant anti-inflammatory activities detected by a model of LPS-induced upregulation of inflammatory mediators and cytokines.


More precisely, AuNPs by E. officinalis inhibited the levels of nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells.

Furthermore, EO-AuNPs exhibited little cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells at 100 µg/mL concentration after 24 hours.

Pretreatment with EO-AuNPs also significantly reduced the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 involved the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.


Additionally, EO-AuNPs suppressed LPS-stimulated inflammation by blocking the activation of JAK/STAT pathway associated with cytokines and growth factors.

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "The synthesized EO-AuNPs showed anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting they may be potential candidates for treating inflammatory-mediated diseases".


Taken altogether, Dandelion may be considered an anti-inflammatory remedy, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Euphrasia officinalisleaf extract to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages by Liu Y1, Kim S2, Kim YJ1,2, Perumalsamy H2, Lee S3, Hwang E4, Yi TH. (PubMed)