Healthy Foods Broccoli May Process Anti-Influenza Virus Properties

Influenza also known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.

In other words, flu (influenza) is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses) that can lead to symptoms of chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, etc.


There are 3 types of flu influenza: A, B, and C. the influenza virus A and B are considered seasonal flu that causes sniffling, aching, coughing, and running and stuffy nose and fever to over 20% of the general population.

Influenza virus types C tends to cause mild upper respiratory infections, similar to those of cold.

Healthy individuals who have influenza are usually recovered within one week.

However, people with the immature and weakened immune system such as young children under age 5, adults older than age 65 residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities, chronic illnesses, such as asthma, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and diabetes are not only associated with the risk of influenza but also increase the risk of influenza deadly complication.

Pregnant women and women up to two weeks postpartum due to change of the immune system and other organs have been found to make a woman more prone to influenza and influenza complications.


The most common H and N subtype are influenza A that has been mutated to affect the combination of human, swine, and bird flu viruses, including
* H1N1 - Swine Flu
H1N1 normally is only transmitted among pigs. However, as of today, H1N1 became the first flu pandemic in the world that causes respiratory illness.

* H5N1 - Bird Flu
H5N1 is the strain of influenza known as a bird or avian flu. Before, it is transmitted between birds, but today, it now can be passed from bird to human. The strain is dangerous to humans with high death rates.

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae. The veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color with a mass of flower heads surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant from the continent of Europe.

With an aim to find a natural food for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, researchers examined the effects of broccoli sprout homogenates (BSH) on nasal cytokines, virus replication, and Nrf2-dependent enzyme expression in smokers and nonsmokers.


The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included healthy young adult smokers and nonsmokers ingested BSH or placebo (alfalfa sprout homogenate) for 4 days, designated Days -1, 0, 1, 2. and on day 0 they received a standard vaccine dose of live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) intranasally.
According to the tested analysis,
* In the area under curve analyses, post-LAIV IL-6 responses (P = 0.03) and influenza sequences (P = 0.01) were significantly reduced in NLF from BSH-treated smokers.

* However, In nonsmokers, a similar trend for reduction in virus quantity with BSH did not reach statistical significance.

In other words, in smokers, short term ingestion of broccoli sprout homogenates appears to significantly reduce some virus-induced markers of inflammation, and virus quantity compared to less significant in non-smokers.

Based on the results, researchers wrote, " Nutritional antioxidant interventions have promise as a safe, low-cost strategy for reducing influenza risk among smokers and other at-risk populations".
And "However, because variability exists in the timing and methods of detection for SFN conjugate levels, it is difficult to compare systemic SFN levels across studies".

In other words, SFN protected the integrity of the neurons against neuron damage through it's anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective activities.

Taken altogether, broccoli sprouts may be considered supplements for the prevention of influenza, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Intake of SFN in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Effect of broccoli sprouts on nasal response to live attenuated influenza virus in smokers: a randomized, double-blind study by Noah TL1, Zhang H2, Zhou H2, Glista-Baker E3, Müller L4, Bauer RN5, Meyer M6, Murphy PC7, Jones S3, Letang B8, Robinette C3, Jaspers I. (PubMed)