Lipid peroxidation occurred naturally in a small amount in the body. In a healthy individual, the process generated by ROS is neutralized by antioxidants produced in the host tissue.
However, overexpression of lipid peroxidant can cause an imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants, weakening the antioxidant enzyme in the induction of oxidative stress, a leading cause of numbers of chronic diseases, including diabetes,.... and cardiovascular disease.
More precisely, overexpression of free radicals is characterized by inflammation or cell injury hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), markers of disease involving oxidative stress of low-density lipoproteinomes (LDL) at 10-100 higher concentration in compared to LDL from healthy individuals.
Epidemiological studies also found that the effect of selected dietary factors plays an essential role of lipids in the induction of oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses. Increase intake of antioxidant vitamins C (ascorbic acid) and E (alpha-tocopherol) and the type of fatty acids (mono- and poly-unsaturated) may have a strong implication in reduced overexpression of lipid peroxidation.
Truly, lipid peroxidant is a double edge sword, on one hand, under normal condition, it exerts a physiological and protective function as signaling molecule stimulating gene expression and cell survival. And on the other hand, in the overexpression environment, the process plays a cytotoxic role in inhibiting gene expression and promoting cell death.
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However, too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood.
The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place.
If you have too much low-density lipoprotein LDL, overtime overexpression of lipid peroxidation can cause cholesterol building up in your arterial walls, leading to arterial blockage induction of heart attack and stroke.
Strawberries are a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae., grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.
The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.
According to the study by the Università Politecnica Delle Marche, strawberry processes high content of essential nutrients and beneficial phytochemicals, such as major antioxidants anthocyanin and ellagitannins which has been found to inhibit ROS in the initiation of cytotoxic attack of the cell membrane, a leading cause of lipid peroxidants.
Highest concentrations of anthocyanins were found from ripe strawberry in compared to unripe one.
Furthermore, the study of strawberry flavonoids in exertion of potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activity, researchers conducted a test of freeze-dried strawberry powder (FSP) properties of lowering fasting lipids and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation at four weeks in compared to baseline.
In the total of 16 female enrolled in the study, 3 features of metabolic syndrome with waist circumference >35 inches, triglycerides > 150 mg/dL, fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL and < 126 mg/dL, HDL <50 mg/dL, or blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg).
Participants were given two cups of the strawberry drink daily for four weeks with each cup had 25 g FSP blended in water. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were measured using ELISA techniques. Plasma ellagic acid was measured using HPLC-UV techniques.
At the end of the study, researchers found that
* Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower at 4 weeks versus baseline (-5% and -6%, respectively, p < 0.05),
* Lipid peroxidation in the form of malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal (-14%, p < 0.01) was also lower significantly.
* Interestingly, Oxidized-LDL showed a decreasing trend at 4 weeks
These results suggested that short-term supplementation of freeze-dried strawberries exert hypocholesterolemic effects and decrease lipid peroxidation in women with metabolic syndrome.
Moreover, in the examine the effects of strawberry major phytochemicals on the radicals DPPH and OH with does from 50-100 μl extract in vitro, researchers showed that
* Injection of strawberry decreases the activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) through intercepted levels of level of Malondialdehyde (MDA)-2-thiobarbituric acid in compared to baseline.
* Administration of strawberry extract, depending on the decrease in LPO formation, also preserved amounts of other antioxidants such as oleic acid and linoleic acid.
Dr. Ozsahin AD, the lead author at the Bitlis Eren University, after taking into accounts of other co and confounders, said, "Consequently, it has been confirmed that the strawberry fruit that has a scavenging effect against the radicals prevents that lipid peroxidation in vitro environment".
DPPH is an organic chemical compound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl composed of stable free-radical molecules,
The findings strongly suggested that strawberries processed numbers of antioxidants may be used as functional food in inhibited free radicals overexpression causes of lipid peroxidants, a leading cause of chronic syndromes and diseases.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Reference
(1) The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health. by Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M.(PubMed)
(2) Freeze-dried strawberry powder improves lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in women with metabolic syndrome: baseline and post intervention effects. by Basu A, Wilkinson M, Penugonda K, Simmons B, Betts NM, Lyons TJ.(PubMed)
(3) The fruit extract of three strawberry cultivars prevents lipid peroxidationand protects the unsaturated fatty acids in the Fenton reagent environment. by Ozsahin AD, Gokce Z, Yilmaz O, Kirecci OA.(PubMed)
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