Tocopherols Exhibits Cardioprotective Activity in Vivo

Cardiovascular disease is defined as medical conditions affecting the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels(arteries and veins).

The heart formed part of the circulatory system is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels to nourish the body tissues and organs.

Most cases of heart dysfunction are associated with the reduced function of the heart muscle, leading to reduce blood flow that facilitates heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body.

According to the statistics provided by the US government, heart disease is a leading cause of death in the US. Over 600,000 died of heart disease, every year including 370,000 people died of coronary heart disease (CHD), accounting for 1 in 4 deaths.

The most common symptoms of heart disease are poor appetite, weight loss, shortness of breath, sudden collapse, blood clots and stunted growth found in children.

Stroke is a medical condition caused by poor blood flow to the brain, leading to brain cell death in the affected region.

The most common types of stroke are ischemic stroke associated with the obstruction of a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain and hemorrhagic stroke associated with small blood vessel ruptures. The most common cause of stroke is unmanaged high blood pressure.

Cardiac toxicity is a condition in which the heart has been damage to some extent caused by harmful chemicals, including toxins induced by the treatment of chemotherapy, leading to reduced heart muscle function to pump blood and heart failure.

Long-term intake of certain medications and people who are under treatment of chemotherapy have been found in most cases of cardiotoxicity.

Cardioprotection is an action that contributes to the protection of heart and blood vessels integrity against damage or injury, including heart diseases, and stroke.

In other words, cardioprotection is a process in which substances or medicines are used including an herbal remedy to protect heart muscle tissues against ischemic insult and deoxygenation injury.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, researchers examined the effect of alpha-tocopheryl phosphate, a phosphoric acid ester of alpha-tocopherol cardioprotective activity.

According to the analysis of rats treated by 5 mg/kg body wt for a period of thirty days compared to control rats which were given water only, after thirty days before both control and experimental hearts were subjected to 30-min global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion.* The tocopheryl phosphate-fed rats exhibited significant cardioprotection by improved ventricular performance and reduced myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared to control.

* Supplementation with alpha-tocopheryl phosphate converted the pathway-induced death signal into a survival signal by enhancing anti-apoptotic pathways by inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins.

* These results lead to the reduction of phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic c-Src that has been found to promote cardio functioning.

* Moreover, the application of tocopheryl phosphate also increased the DNA binding of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NFkappaB associated with proinflammatory activation with and potentiated the activation of anti-death protein Bcl-2 and survival signaling protein.

After talking about other factors into account, researchers said, "tocopheryl phosphate could ameliorate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by converting ischemia/reperfusion-mediated death signal into a survival signal by modulating MAP kinase signaling".

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered an adjunct therapy that promotes cardioprotection, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cardioprotection with alpha-tocopheryl phosphate: amelioration of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury is linked with its ability to generate a survival signal through Akt activation by Mukherjee S1, Lekli I, Das M, Azzi A, Das DK. (PubMed)