Ginger, the Natural and Potential Chemotherapy

Scientists may have found a kitchen spice which processes a potential to induce cancer cell death by cytotoxicity, according to studies.

Cytotoxicity is a process that stimulates the ability of certain chemicals or mediator cells to destroy living cells.

In herbal medicine, injection of plant extracts in some cases also induce cytotoxic effects to kill cancer cells without causing harm to nearby healthy cells through the protection of increased production of antioxidant enzymes.

In other words, the use of herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer can induce no side effects.

In cancer, the cytotoxic activity is carried out by the overexpression reactive oxygen activity, leading to cancer cells apoptosis through a number of mechanisms, including cell death programming and cell cycle arrest proteins.


In healthy cells, the ROS cytotoxic activity can also cause significant damage to the proteins, lipid, and DNA, leading to the onset of chronic diseases, including cancer.


Some researchers suggested that by activating the expression gene associated with tumor suppression to prevent the damage of healthy cell during the injection chemo drugs may provide a necessary step for the prevention of chemo side effects in cancer patients.

Dr. Chit Fang Cheok, in the differentiation of protecting normal cells from the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy, wrote, "The occurrence of intolerable side effects in patients undergoing chemotherapy is still a major clinical hurdle. Finding tumor-specific therapy and exploiting the differences between normal cells and tumor cells has led to strategies targeting oncogenic mutations or the deficiency of tumor suppressor pathways in cancers".


And, "The concept requires the use of two drugs, the first to arrest the normal cells and the second, to kill only cycling (tumor) cells".


More interestingly, "several recent studies demonstrate that p53 activation protects normal cells from the toxicity of drugs acting in the S-phase or M-phase, including Ara-C,2 taxol,3 Aurora kinase inhibitors4, and Polo-like kinase inhibitors".


These results strongly suggested the model provided by the herbal medicine may some days be used by the conventional medicine for treatment of cancer without causing severe side effects.


Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural ingredient for the treatment of cancer examined the ginger cytotoxic activity on cancer cells.

In vivo, researchers compared the anticancer effect of ginger in a total of 80 OV and nitrosamine (OV/ DMN)-induced CCA hamsters fed with the ginger extract at doses of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight daily or every alternate day for 30 days vs control groups consisting of 10 hamsters for each group fed with 5-fluorouracil (positive control) or distilled water (untreated control).


Injection of crude ethanolic extracts of ginger at a dose of 10.95, 53.15, and 27.86 μg/ml with Median IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) values exerted strong cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities.


The crude ethanolic extracts of ginger demonstrated a 7-9 fold in exhibited the function of genes associated with the transportation of the chemo drugs observed by the DNA fragments on the cancer cell line.

The extract also induced acute and subacute toxicity at the maximum dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight.

Furthermore, the injection displayed a strong effect on the survival time and survival rate of the CCA-bearing hamsters compared to the control group (median of 54 vs 17 weeks.

Dr. Plengsuriyakarn T, the lead scientist said, "Results from these in vitro and in vivo studies thus indicate promising anticancer activity of the crude ethanolic extract of ginger against CCA with the absence of any significant toxicity".

Moreover, in the examined ginger anti-cancer activity, researchers investigated the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of ginger essential oil (GEO).
GEO showed potent in vitro cytotoxic activity against DLA and EAC cell lines. The IC50 values for DLA cell line and EAC cell line 18 μg/ml. were found to be 11 μg/ml and 18 μg/ml, respectively.

However, on L929 cell lines and to Vero cells, The IC50 of GEO was found to be 41 μg/ml and ˃100 ug/ml, respectively, a significant higher compared to the DLA cell line and EAC cell line.

Additionally, treatment with GEO (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the volume of solid tumor development by 54.4% and 62.4% respectively and the lifespan was increased up to 50% in 1000 mg/kg b. wt GEO treated ascites tumor-induced animals.


The findings once again, reconfirm the cytotoxic and antitumor effects of ginger.

Taken altogether, ginger, the kitchen and pungent spice may be considered a functional food for the prevention and combined with primary therapy for the treatment of cancer with no or little side effects, pending to the validity of large sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cytotoxicity, toxicity, and anticancer activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe against cholangiocarcinoma by Plengsuriyakarn T1, Viyanant V, Eursitthichai V, Tesana S, Chaijaroenkul W, Itharat A, Na-Bangchang K. (PubMed)
(2) Antitumor and cytotoxic activity of ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinale roscoe) by Jeena Kottarapat, Vijayasteltar B Liju, R. Kuttan. (Research Gate)
(3) Protecting normal cells from the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy by Chit Fang Cheok. (PMC)