Phytochemical Alliin Strengthens the Gut immunity

The gastrointestinal tract microbiome is the community of microorganisms containing micro-organisms including mostly bacterias and some viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

Under normal conditions, the ratio of good and bad microbiomes are balanced.

Believe it or not, our GI-tract harbors one of the most complex and abundant ecosystems colonized by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.

Believe it or not, compared to only 23 000 genes in the human genome, the microbiome encodes over three million genes producing thousands of metabolites, which play a critical role in many of the functions of our body.

Dr. Veronica Lazar, the lead scientist in the examined the interaction of gut microbiome and the immune system suggested that

* Gut microbiome has a strong impact to modulate neutrophil migration and function that affects the differentiation of T cell populations into different types of helper cells (Th), respectively.

* Gut microbiome interaction also can trigger antimicrobial responses by stimulating the production of the sIgA production, the first line of defense against pathogens and toxins.


* Gut microbiome interacts with the immune system against the initiation and progression of infectious diseases.

* Balanced gut microbiome protects the intestinal immune responsiveness that associates with the onset of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including cancer.

Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.

On findings a potential compound for the improvement of gut microbiota, researchers examined the diet of traditional Asian is similar to the Mediterranean rich of quercetin and alliin on the growth of host and the status of the gut microbiota and colonic epithelial immunity.

According to the tested assays, the alternate consumption of quercetin and alliin significantly increased the rat body weight and reshaped the gut microbiota composition.


In other words, the intake of quercetin and alliin improved the ratio of gut microbiota by enhancing the levels of good bacteria in the colon.

More precisely, quercetin and alliin increased the relative abundance of fecal Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria but decreased that of Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05) and increased the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus, Lactococcus, Geobacillus, and Ruminococcus.

Furthermore, genes linked to gut immunity with higher-level systemic functions of cells, the organism, and the ecosystem were also altered in the rat fed with quercetin and alliin.

The results strongly suggested that the diet of traditional Asians is similar to the Mediterranean that not only promotes gut health but also enhanced gut immunity.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "the alternate consumption of quercetin and alliin in traditional Asian diet can contribute beneficial metabolic effects by optimizing gut microbiota and altering the immunologic function of colonic epithelial cells".

Taken altogether, alliin used alone or combined with another phytochemical may be considered supplements for the improvement of the gut immunity, pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of alliin in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The Alternate Consumption of Quercetin and Alliin in the Traditional Asian Diet Reshaped Microbiota and Altered Gene Expression of Colonic Epithelial Cells in Rats by Yu J1, Guo H1, Xie J1, Luo J1, Li Y1, Liu L1, Ou S1, Zhang G1, Peng X. (PubMed)
(2) Aspects of Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions in Infectious Diseases, Immunopathology, and Cancer
Veronica Lazar1,2†, Lia-Mara Ditu1,2, Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru1,2†, Irina Gheorghe1,2, Carmen Curutiu1,2, Alina Maria Holban1,2, Ariana Picu1,3, Laura Petcu1,3 and Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc1. (Frontier in Immunology)