Peas Proteins Encapsulated probiotics May Induce Colonic Immune Response

Probiotics are good bacteria that not only balance the ratio of gut microbiota in the intestine but also react with other body systems to provide optimal health in the human.

The most common types of probiotics are lactobacilli (like Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus GG), bifidobacteria (like Bifidobacterium Bifidus) and some yeasts (like Saccharomyces boulardii).

Although all probiotics shared the same functions to improve the gastrointestinal microbiome community, different probiotics have different effects.

According to the article by Megan Ware RDN LD, Kefir as a probiotic has been found to process a number of health benefits, including lowering blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose, improved lactose tolerance, and stomach health, weight control and promoted wound healing.

More precisely,
* In immunity, probiotics stimulate the immune function against inflammatory immune disorders.

* In the digestive system, probiotics protect the gut against gastrointestinal diseases and non-gastrointestinal diseases.caused by overexpression of bad bacteria.

* In metabolism, probiotics influence the nutrient extraction from the diet, thus reducing the risk of obesity and obese complication.

* Neurologically, probiotics control brain insulin signaling and metabolite levels that play a critical role in neurobehaviors.

The immune response is a natural reaction of the immune system to protect our body against the invasion of foreign substances.

Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system which protects the body against the invasion of pathogens.

Green peas are species of Pisum Sativum belongings to the family Fabaceae and native to western Asia from the Mediterranean Sea to the Himalaya Mountains. The pea is a green, pod-shaped vegetable and a cool-season crop grown in many parts of the world.

On finding a potent ingredient for the improvement of gut microbiota, researchers investigated the efficacy of two strains of Lactobacillus probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052) immobilized in microcapsules composed of pea protein isolate (PPI) and alginate microcapsules.

The study included 4-week-old mice which were fed diets supplemented with freeze-dried probiotics (group P), probiotic-containing microcapsules (group PE) (lyophilized PPI-alginate microcapsules containing probiotics), or PPI-alginate microcapsules containing no probiotics (group E), including half of the mice (controls, groups P, PE, and E) received C. rodentium by gavage 2 weeks after initiation of feeding.

According to the symptomatic and histopathological data, infection with bacteria C. rodentium led to changes in cytokine expression, and alteration of the gut mucosal communities and a marked progression of infectious colitis.

The application of probiotics led to changes in most of the disease markers but did not have a significant impact on cytokine profiles in infected animals.

Furthermore, encapsulation materials (pea protein and calcium alginate) contributed to inflammation and worsened a set of symptoms in the cecum.

These results suggested that even though food ingredients may be generally recognized as safe, they may, in fact, contribute to the development of an inflammatory response in certain animal disease models.

Taken altogether, peas protein used as encapsulation materials may induce an inflammatory response to the colon, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Pea-protein alginate encapsulation adversely affects development of clinical signs of Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis in mice treated with probiotics by Varankovich N1, Grigoryan A1, Brown K2, Inglis GD2, Uwiera RRE3, Nickerson MT1, Korber DR. (PubMed)