Carica Papaya, A Fruit Which is Similar to Those of Clonidine, Guanfacine and Metabolite of Methyldopa for Treatment of Hypertension, With No Side Effects

Hypertension is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries, persistently.

According to the American Heart Association (AHA) patients with blood pressure that higher than 130 over 80 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) is considered to have hypertension.

According to statistic, approximately, 85 million people in the US have high blood pressure.

Untreated hypertension may induce complications of heart attack, stroke, and other health conditions.

Some researchers suggested that unhealthy dietary and lifestyle factors highlight the importance of environmental factors in the induction of hypertension onset and progression(4).

However, according to a special issue of the Journal of Human Hypertension primarily, in the concerns of dietary, lifestyle and alternative factors in the risk of hypertension and blood pressure control, focuses on dietary and lifestyle factors, complementary and alternative approaches may have a strong impact in prevention and treatment of hypertension(4).

Therefore, increased physical activity and diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, along with a reduction in saturated and total fat may be the best choice in exerted protective effects on blood pressure(4).


Papaya is a species of Carica Papaya, belongings to the family Caricaceae and native to the tropics of the Americas,. The plant was first cultivated in Mexico and several centuries


Chemical constituents
Alkaloids, Cardenolides, Anthraquinones, Saponins, Tannin, phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, Benzyl glucosinolate, benzylisothiocyanate, 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone,.....(a)


Carica papaya, in compared to pucuk ubi (Manihot esculenta), ulam raja (Cosmos caudatus), pegaga (Centella asiatica) and kacang botol (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), dichloromethane extract of pucuk betik exerts an impressive 59.77% inhibitory activity against key enzymes related to type 2 diabetes and hypertension(1).

The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia, after examined the alpha-amylase inhibition assay and at the end of the study suggested that papaya may consist a nutraceutical potential for hyperglycemia and hypertension prevention associated with type 2 diabetes(1).

Injection of crude ethanol extract of 10 microg/mL prepared from the unripened fruit of Carica papaya on using isolated rabbit arterial (aorta, renal and vertebral) strips induced relaxation of vascular muscle tone(2).


In other words, fruit juice of Carica papaya (L.) exhibited antihypertensive effective through activation of alpha-adrenoceptor(2), similar to that anti-hypertension medicine without including adverse effects.


Alpha-adrenoceptor is a protein with a function that stimulates vasoconstriction. The receptors found in the skin, the sphincters of the gastrointestinal system, kidney (renal artery) and brain(5), play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP)(5).


However, intake of papaya and its extract should be taken with care. if you are taking Warfarin. As according to University of Naples "Federico II", papaya might interact with Warfarin, the most common cardiovascular drug(3).


Please note, due to Alpha 2 receptors that contribute both to control of sympathetic tone and local and regional blood flow, conventional and synthetic version medicine such as clonidine, guanfacine and the active metabolite of methyldopa had copied natural medicine in stimulated Alpha 2 receptors activity in lower BP and in the long-term control of hypertension(5).


Drugs that enhance central alpha 2 activity, such as clonidine, guanfacine and the active metabolite of methyldopa, can significantly lower BP and are effective in the long-term control of hypertension, either alone or in combination with other drugs.

The finding suggested that papaya and its extract may have potential properties in reduced and controlled hypertension through their function in activated Alpha 2 receptors, similar to those of conventional medicine.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(a) Chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica cultivars Dottato, San Francesco and Citrullara by Loizzo MR1, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Menichini F, Tundis R.(PubMed)
(1) In vitro inhibitory potential of selected Malaysian plants against key enzymes involved in hyperglycemia and hypertension by Loh SP1, Hadira O.(PubMed)
(2) Blood pressure depression by the fruit juice of Carica papaya (L.) in renal and DOCA-induced hypertension in the rat by Eno AE1, Owo OI, Itam EH, Konya RS.(PubMed)
(3) Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy and herbal medicines: the risk of drug interaction by Izzo AA1, Di Carlo G, Borrelli F, Ernst E.(PubMed)
(4) Dietary and lifestyle factors in hypertension Journal of Human Hypertension by the Journal of Human Hypertension (2016)
(5) Alpha-adrenergic receptors and blood pressure control by Reid JL(PubMed)