Cascara Sagrada Chemotherapeutic and Mutated Gene Blocker Bioactive Components That Cut Off Energy Supply To Prostate Cancer Cells

Cascara sagrada may have a potential effect in inhibited onset and progression of prostate cancer, some scientists suggested.

Prostate cancer is medical a condition in which the cells of the prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body.

Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams. However, some prostate cancers can grow and become invasive quickly.

According to the study of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, metastasis to the bone caused by tumor/microenvironment interactions remains the major cause of death in advanced prostate cancer(3).

In other words, this invasion may be a result of certain cancer cells that can reseed the primary site and gain more metastatic potential in the process.

The exact causes of prostate cancer are unknown, however, certain conditions may associate to increase the risk of prostate cancer, including age, ethnic group, family history,... and obesity.

Some researcher suggested that diet high in calcium is linked to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer and maternal high fat diet (HFD) is associated with increased risk children prostate cancer(4).

Most patients may not experience any symptoms until advanced stage.
Most common symptoms include frequent urination, loss of bladder control such as weak or interrupted urine flow or the need to strain to empty the bladder, the urge to urinate frequently at night. In severe cases, patients may also find blood in the urine and lost of erection.

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belongings to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America,

The herbal bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc..

The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthraquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.

Aloe-emodin, a chemical constituent found in Cascara Sagrada is found to inhibit both proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of PC3 cells by targeting the protein complex that plays an important role in stimulated cancer cell metabolism (mTORC2) for survival and expansion.

Further analysis also found that application of aloe-emodin also suppressed the function of Protein kinase B, (Akt) of a cancer cell in signaling protection of cell survival, increased cell cycle progression and cellular growth and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in the promotion of cancer cell migration.

Dr. Liu K, the lead author at The World Class Institute and Chemical Biology Research Center at the end of the experiment wrote, " Aloe-emodin (also) exhibited tumor suppression effects in vivo in an athymic nude mouse model" and "Collectively, our data suggest that mTORC2 plays an important role in prostate cancer development and aloe-emodin suppresses prostate cancer progression by targeting mTORC"


Epidemiologically, emodin (ED), another bioactive compound found in cascara sagrada, also processed anti-proliferation and induced apoptosis, suppressed angiogenesis, impeded metastasis, and enhanced chemotherapy.


In DU145 and A549 cells, application of emodin suppressed the expression of both mutation gene CXCR4 and HER2 which are associated to prorate cancer risk without affecting cell viability in tumor cells and protection healthy cell integrity against mutated gene CXCL12 in the induction of cancer cells migration and invasion.

Additional differentiation suggested the efficacy of emodin in inhibited mutated gene expression of prostate cancer was attributed to the bioactive activity in the prevention of a cancer cell in promoted mRNA expression and suppressed of NF-κB in the activation of cancer cells proliferation.

These results indicated that emodin may have a potential used as a novel blocker of CXCR4 expression as well as a powerful therapeutic agent for metastatic cancer.

The findings showed that herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) with bioactive components that have strong effects in inhibited prostate cancer cells may be considered as functional foods for the treatment of prostate cancer.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Aloe-emodin suppresses prostate cancer by targeting the mTOR complex 2 by Liu K, Park C, Li S, Lee KW, Liu H, He L, Soung NK, Ahn JS, Bode AM, Dong Z, Kim BY, Dong Z.(PubMed)
(2) Emodin inhibits invasion and migration of prostate and lung cancer cells by downregulating the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 by Ok S, Kim SM, Kim C, Nam D, Shim BS, Kim SH, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Ahn KS.(PubMed)
(3) Steps in prostate cancer progression that lead to bone metastasis by Jin JK1, Dayyani F, Gallick GE(PubMed)
(4) Maternal High-Fat Diet Promotes the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma Mouse Prostate Offspring by Yang T1,2, Wu X1,2, Hu J1,2, Hu M1,2, Xu H1,2, Jiang H1,2, Ding Q(PubMed)