Arthritis is a class of over 100 medical conditions, affecting people of all ages, sexes, and races.
The most common cause of arthritis in aging is the degeneration of cartilage, the slick, cushioning surface on the ends of bones that has bee worn away, causing bone rubs against bone, in the induction of pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Depending to the severity of osteoarthritis, patients may experience symptoms that surround the joints in hands, knees, hips, and spine, such as pain in the joint during or after movement, muscle and feet tenderness, stiffness, loss of flexibility. ... and grating sensation.
The other most common types of arthritis are Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that is a long-term autoimmune disorder, inducing warm, swollen, and painful joints.
According to statistic, approximately, 50 million adults and 300,000 children have some forms or types of arthritis.
The CDC statistic from 2013–2015, stated that an estimated 54.4 million US adults (22.7%) annually have ever been told by a doctor that they have some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia(2).
The prevalent risk factor is also depended to where you live. For example, the percentage of adults with arthritis varies by state, ranging from 17.2% in Hawaii to 33.6% in West Virginia in 2015(2).
The John Hopkins arthritis center suggested, " Data from 32,322 adults in 11 states from the 1998 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS), a health survey given annually in the United States, indicates that adults with arthritis report significantly greater HRQL impairment compared to adults without arthritis"(3).
Mushroom is a standard name of white button mushroom, the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus produced above ground on soil or on its food source,
It is a genus A. Muscaria and belonging to the family Amanitaceae and has been cultivated in many cultures all over the world for foods and health benefits.
Certain medical mushroom has been used in Chinese medicine to promote immunomodulatory activity for the treatment and/or prevention of chronic diseases.
Chemical constituents
Astraodorol, Psilocybin, Lectin, adustin, ribonuclease, nicotine, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, orsellinic acid, melleolide, ergosterol, genistein, daidzein, daucosterol, genistin, uracil and D-mannitol(a).
In the study to compared the effect of white button mushroom, a common American diet component WBM and shiitake mushrooms (SM) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in 8-wk-old female dilute brown non-agouti mice, researchers found that
* In compared to control, both WBM and SM exert a strong effect in reduced the CIA index from 5.11 ± 0.82 to 3.15 ± 0.95 (P = 0.06).
* Oral injection of SM, WBM, and control diet to immunizing mice with 100 µg bovine collagen followed by 50 µg LPS on d 20 post-collagen injection. shows a significant reduction with CIA index by 29% in compared to 23 % WBW and 58% of control.
* Both types of mushrooms reduced plasma, however only SM increased plasma IL-6 substantially. The CIA index was positively correlated with sICAM1 (r = 0.55; P < 0.05) in the expression on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFα is a protein with a function to protect our body in the regulation of immune cells in response to system inflammation via IL1 & IL6 producing cells. Overexpression of TNFα may induce chronic inflammation to the local site, leading to the destruction of cells and tissue, such as arthritis.
IL1 & IL6 are interleukins that act as anti-inflammatory cytokines normally and pro-inflammatory cytokines when the body is under attack by foreign invasive organisms.
Dr. Chandra L, at the end the experience said, "Although both types of mushrooms reduced plasma TNFα (34%, WBM; 64%, SM), only SM increased plasma IL-6 by 1.3-fold (P < 0.05)".
These results suggested that both mushrooms have a strong effect in stimulated immune system against infection of the joint of patients with arthritis CIA positive induced by injection tested mice.
However, application SM cause overproduction of IL-6 that can lead to healthy cells death and forming of scars of the infectious site compared to WBM.
People who have arthritis or are at higher risk of the disease may want to add a portion of white button mushroom WBM into the diet.
Taking all together, white button mushroom may be considered as a functional food that can help to manage and treat arthritis.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(a) [Chemical constituents from fungus Armillaria mellea]. by [Article in Chinese] by Yuan XL1, Yan LH, Zhang QW, Wang ZM.(PubMed)
(1) White button and shiitake mushrooms reduce the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis in dilute brown non-agouti mice by Chandra L1, Alexander H, Traoré D, Lucas EA, Clarke SL, Smith BJ, Lightfoot SA, Kuvibidila S.(PubMed)
(2) Arthritis-Related Statistics(CDC)
(3) Arthritis and Health-related Quality of Life by Kevin Fontaine, Ph.D(John Hopskins Arthritis Center)
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