Fermented Soy May Improve Gut Microbiota on Gastrointestinal Health and Disease

Gut microbiota or gastrointestinal microbiota, the complex community of microorganisms in our digestive tracts plays a critical role in a variety of metabolic functions, including produced vitamins, synthesized all essential and nonessential amino acids, and carried out biotransformation of bile.

Gut microbiota protects the intestinal structures and functions by attaching to the gut wall against the entry of pathogenic enteroinvasive bacteria into the epithelial cells.

More precisely, the guts microbiota plays a vital role in human health, including the key processes of nutrition-enhancing the digestive functioning, lipid, and energy metabolism by inducing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), phenolics, and other molecules, and pathogen resistance by promoting the immune functioning.

In the immune perspective, gut microbiota protects the intestines by alerting the immune response against foreign invasion through specific receptors, leading to an immune system in inducing the proinflammatory cytokines.

However, the imbalance of digestive gut microbiota has been found to induce a number of diseases, syndromes, and functional aberrations, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and wider systemic manifestations of disease such as obesity, and type 2 diabetes.


In a healthy individual, the levels of gut microbiota are balanced that allow the body to function in an optimal way.

Furthermore, gut microbiota also is found to stimulate the production of some vitamins (B and K), digest certain foods that the stomach and small intestine have not been able to digest, particularly in the combat against the aggression of other bad microorganisms.

Imbalanced gut microbiota is found in obese patients, compared to healthy weight individuals.

However, alterations in gut microbiota composition have been found in patients with a low-grade inflammatory state, leading to an increased risk of several diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Although the digestive tract can adapt to change, the loss of balance in gut microbiota may induce dysbiosis., leading to health problems of functional bowel disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, obesity, and diabetes.

Fermented soy products are diverse varieties of soy food that are made from fermented soybeans, including miso, natto, tempeh, and soy sauce.

On finding a potential plant that improves the digestive functioning, researchers examined the effect of fermented foods' (kefir, kombucha, sauerkraut, tempeh, natto, miso, kimchi, sourdough bread), health benefits on gut microbiota.


According to the results of the analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) for their gastrointestinal effects (kefir, sauerkraut, natto, and sourdough bread).
* Fermented foods showed a potential probiotic effect on gut microorganisms.

* The fermentation-derived production of bioactive peptides, biogenic amines, and conversion of phenolic compounds to biologically active compounds prevent anti-nutrient risk.

* Fermented food, kefir, exerted beneficial effects in both lactose malabsorption and Helicobacter pylori eradication.

However, researchers said, "In summary, there is very limited clinical evidence for the effectiveness of most fermented foods in gastrointestinal health and disease".

Taken altogether, fermented soy may be considered a functional food for improvement of the gut microbiota, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Fermented Foods: Definitions and Characteristics, Impact on the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Gastrointestinal Health and Disease by Dimidi E1, Cox SR1, Rossi M1, Whelan K. (PubMed)