Tocopherols May be Used as Adjunct Therapy to Promote Chemo Drugs in the Treatment of Liver Cancer

The liver is the largest internal organ found in the human which plays an essential role in filtering the blood from the digestive system before passing them to other parts of the body.

The liver also produces cholesterol, a waxy substance which aids digestion, builds cell membranes, and produces vitamin D and steroid hormones.

Liver disease is a class of medical conditions characterized by reducing partly or completely the function of the liver, including liver failure.

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disorderly and uncontrollably in our body.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

However, at the advanced stage, most cancers not can induce common symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomforts, unintended weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue but also localized symptoms depending on the affected tissues and organs.

Liver cancer is a medical condition characterized by cell growth irregularly in the liver tissue.

Liver cancer at the early stage no not cause any symptoms. However, at the advanced stage, liver cancer cells can cause a wide range of symptoms including jaundice, abdominal swelling and pain, and dark urine and white stool accompanied by the general symptoms of cancers such as unintended weight loss, loss of appetite, chronic fatigue and tiredness and gastrointestinal discomforts.

According to the statistics provided by the Canadian Cancer Society, every year, approximately, 1,900 men and 580 women are diagnosed with liver cancer, causing the death of 950 men and 270 women.

In 2017, 2,500 Canadians were diagnosed with liver cancer and 1,200 Canadians died from liver cancer.

Compared to the early stage of other cancer, the 5 years survival rate in the early stage diagnosis is only 31%, and 43% of people with liver cancer diagnosed at stage 0 and 1.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases, researchers examined the effect of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles that optimize the ratio of doxorubicin (DOX) and elacridar (ELC) to target both LCSCs and liver cancer cells.

According to the analysis,
* DOX/ELC molar ratio of 1:1 was synergistic in HepG2 cells and HepG2-TS.
* Furthermore, NDEs significantly increased cytotoxic effects against both HepG2 and HepG2-TS compared with DOX-loaded nanoparticles (NDs) or ELC-loaded nanoparticles (NEs) in vitro.
* In vivo, the nanoparticles exhibited better tumor targeting, with NDE showing the strongest antitumor activity with lower systemic toxicity.

After talking about other factors into account, researchers said, "These results suggested that NDE represented a promising combination therapy against liver cancer by targeting both liver cancer cells and CSCs".

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered an adjunct therapy in the treatment of liver cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Codelivery of doxorubicin and elacridar to target both liver cancer cells and stem cells by polylactide-co-glycolide/d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles by Chen D1,2,3, Pan X4, Xie F5, Lu Y2, Zou H2, Yin C6, Zhang Y7, Gao J. (PubMed)