Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) is the main component of the amyloid plaques that cause the gradual death of neurons, leading to the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer's disease is a common form of dementia or neurodegenerative disease found in the elderly.
Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia correlated with major reductions of neurons to the respective target areas, named after German physician Alois Alzheimer.
According to the statistics, the disease is most prevalent in the elderly. Approximately 5.7 million Americans of all ages are living with Alzheimer's. 15.9 million family caregivers provide an estimated 18.2 billion hours and $230 billion to people with dementia worldwide.
Alzheimer's disease is caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors that affect the neurons of the brain over time. However, less than 10% of patients with AD are associated with a genetic preposition. Patients with such mutated genes on chromosomes 21, 14, and 1are virtually guaranteed to develop the disease.
More precisely, Alzheimer's disease is caused by the gradual loss of neuron functioning that usually starts with the early symptom of the difficulty of remembering recent events and worsens over time.
Alzheimer's destroys brain cells, causing cognitive modalities severe enough to affect language communication, memory, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimer's gets worse over time, and it is fatal.
Dementia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by a decline in mental ability in the older population that is severe enough to interfere with daily life, such as memory loss.
Compared to dementia, neurological disorders are a class of brain disease associated with reduced function of the brain, depending on the region of the neurons that were affected.
Dr. Rudolph E. Tanzi said, "The inheritance of AD exhibits a dichotomous pattern. On one hand, rare mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 virtually guarantee early-onset (<60 years) familial AD, which represents ∼5% of AD. On the other hand, common gene polymorphisms, such as the ε4 and ε2 variants of the APOE gene, can influence susceptibility for ∼50% of the common late-onset AD".
And, " These four genes account for 30%–50% of the inheritability of AD".
Coltsfoot(Tussilago farfara) is a perennial herbaceous plant, genus Tussilago, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Asia. The herb has been used over thousands of years to treat asthma, various coughs, bronchial congestion, respiratory disorders, headaches and obstruction in the nasal passage, etc.
On finding a potential compound for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, researchers examined the anti-inflammatory effect against oxidative injury of Tussilagone (TSL), isolated from the flower of buds of Tussilago farfara (Compositae) by examing the quinone reductase cellular detoxification in Hepa1c1c7 cells.
According to the results of the analysis, herbal coltsfoot decreased the activity tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP), an organic peroxide widely used in a variety of oxidation processes, -induced ROS production and cell death, through its potent antioxidant.
Furthermore, NRF2, that regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins that protect against oxidative damage triggered by injury and inflammation showed to upregulate the detoxifying enzymes NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1(NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) against oxidative stress.
Moreover, (ERK1/2), the mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily that can mediate cell proliferation, and apoptosis was also mediated by the expression of NRF2.
In other words, coltsfoot showed a strong activity to attenuate t-BHP-induced ROS and Nrf2 pathway activation to inhibit the overexpression of reactive oxidative species induced free radical domino's activities against HepG2 cells from oxidative stress and associated damage.
Taken altogether, coltsfoot may be considered a remedy for the treatment of disease associated with oxidative injury, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Tussilagonone-induced Nrf2 pathway activation protects HepG2 cells from oxidative injury by Lee KM1, Kwon TY1, Kang U2, Seo EK2, Yun JH3, Nho CW3, Kim YS. (PubMed)
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