Omega-3 Fatty Acids Kills Myeloid Leukemia Cells in Vivo

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disorderly and uncontrollably in our body.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

However, at the advanced stage, most cancers not can induce common symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomforts, unintended weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue but also localized symptoms depending on the affected tissues and organs.

Leukemia is a condition of an abnormal increase of white blood cells produced by the bone marrow and/or the lymphatic system. Depending on the malignant granulocytes or lymphocytes, leukemia is classified into myelogenous or lymphoblastic leukemia.

Bone marrow is the soft tissue inside the hollow center of the major bone. including spine, pelvis, underarm, leg. etc.


Myeloid Leukemia can be classified into acute and chronic
* Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of myelogenous lining cause of the rapid growth of abnormal granulocytes accumulated in the bone marrow, interfering with the normal blood cells. In AML, granulocytes appear immature in the bloodstream.

* Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a medical condition associated with the overgrowth of immature cells started in the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow.

In other words, compared to normal cells that will die after a limited cell division, chronic myeloid leukemia cells continue to divide with no meaning of dying or stopping, leading to proliferation that affects other healthy cells in the bone marrow.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in 2019, approximately, 8,990 new cases will be diagnosed with CML (5,250 in men and 3,740 in women. and CML is expected to cause the death of 1,140 people including 660 men and 480 women.

More precisely, CML accounts for 15% of all cases of leukemia diagnosed each year. In other words, the lifetime risk of CML in the US is 1 person in 526.

The 5-year survival rate of patients treated with chemo drug imatinib (Gleevec®) including all stages of CML is 90%.

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of cancer, researchers investigated the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5), a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid on myeloid leukemia.

According to the tested analysis in a murine model of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) induced by bone marrow transplantation of BCR-ABL-expressing hematopoietic stem cells,
* EPA showed a decrease in the leukemia stem cells (LSC) population and reduced the abnormal enlargement of the spleen and above the normal range in the blood associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia progression, compared to mice treated with an oleic acid diet.

* EPA exerted a similar effect on CML mice carrying the T315I mutation (in BCR-ABL).

* Δ(12)-PGJ3, a derivative of EPA also rescued indomethacin-treated BCR-ABL mice and decreased LSCs.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "EPA supplementation was effective in a murine model of acute myeloid leukemia. EPA-supplemented mice exhibited a decrease in leukemia burden and a decrease in the LSC colony-forming unit (LSC-CFU)".

And, "he results support a chemopreventive role for EPA in myeloid leukemia, which is dependent on the ability to efficiently convert EPA to....Δ(12)-PGJ3".

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids processed abundantly eicosapentaenoic acid may be considered a functional food for the treatment of myeloid leukemia, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Chemopreventive Effects of Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation in Experimental Myeloid Leukemia by Finch ER1, Kudva AK2, Quickel MD2, Goodfield LL2, Kennett MJ2, Whelan J3, Paulson RF4, Prabhu KS. (PubMed)
(2) n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids induce acute myeloid leukemia cell death associated with mitochondrial glycolytic switch and Nrf2 pathway activation by Picou F1, Debeissat C2, Bourgeais J2, Gallay N2, Ferrié E1, Foucault A3, Ravalet N3, Maciejewski A1, Vallet N4, Ducrocq E1, Haddaoui L5, Domenech J2, Hérault O6, Gyan E. (PubMed)