Brassica Oleracea Vegetables and Juices Inhibits the Onset of Breast Cancer in Vitro

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disorderly and uncontrollably in our body.

The prevalence of breast cancer has been acknowledged in the scientific community worldwide. Breast cancer widespread in women in Southeast Asian as a result of over 2 decades of economic prosperity caused by an unhealthy diet is a major concern.

The women's breasts are made up of specialized tissue that produces milk (glandular tissue) and fatty tissue. The size of a women's breast is totally determined by the amount of fat.

Breast cancer is a medical condition characterized by cell growth irregularly and disorderly in the breast tissue.

Most cases of breast cancer start in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the breast tissue before spreading into deeper layers of the breast.

Breast cancer is first noticed as a painless lump in the breast or armpit and most often discovered by the women themselves.

Breast skin irritation or dimpling, nipple pain, nipple retraction (turning inward), redness, and scaliness that cannot be healed within 3 weeks are also the signs and symptoms of breast cancer.

According to statistics, the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of a woman is 1/8.

People who inherited the genetic preposition of BRCA1 and 2 are associated with over 60% of the risk of breast cancer.

However, an unhealthy diet and lifestyle are some of the preventable risk factors that form a major cause of breast cancer onset.


In postmenopause, weight control is the major factor throughout life that appears to prevent breast cancer after menopause.

Daily physical activity and reduced intake of alcohol throughout life are associated with reduced risk of developing pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer, however, smoking during adolescence or early adulthood increases later risk of breast cancer.

Interestingly, in the depth discussion of the diet pattern in the risk of breast cancer, researchers do not find the direct link to breast cancer risk.

These results suggested by actively following a healthy lifestyle and moderate exercise, the risk of breast cancer can be decreased substantially.

Kale is a species of Brassica Oleracea, belongings to the family Brassicaceae, native to coastal southern and western Europe. The veggie leave is highly nutritious cultivated as foods in most part of Europe.

On finding a potent compound for the prevention and treatment of cancers, researchers examined the antiproliferative activity of juice obtained from leaves of several varieties of Brassica oleracea on both estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER+; MCF-7 and BT474) and ER-negative (ER-; MDA-MB-231 and BT20) human breast cancer cell lines.

At low concentrations to final concentration 5-15 mL/L,
* All cauliflower varieties tested suppressed cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.


* Although no evidence of apoptosis was found, cancer cell growth inhibition was accompanied by significant cell death at the higher juice concentrations.


* All juices showed a preference in the inhibition of breast cancer cells compared with other mammalian cell lines, such as ECV304, VERO, Hep2, 3T3, and MCF-10A.

In the cell levels, all juices exerted the inhibition of proliferation associated with significantly reduced CDK6 expression and an increased level of p27 involved cell division and cell cycle arrest, respectively, in ER+ cells but not in ER- cells.

Based on the results, researchers said, "the edible part of Brassica oleracea contains substances that can markedly inhibit the growth of both ER+ and ER- human breast cancer cells, although through different mechanisms".

Taken altogether, kale, a member of cruciferous vegetables may be considered a functional food for the treatment of breast cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Mechanisms of action and antiproliferative properties of Brassica oleracea juice in human breast cancer cell lines by Brandi G1, Schiavano GF, Zaffaroni N, De Marco C, Paiardini M, Cervasi B, Magnani M. (PubMed)