Pinto beans (Phaseolus) Lowers Non-HDL Cholesterol Levels in Vivo

Cholesterol is a waxy substance carried around by lipoproteins, that do not mix with water-based blood in our body.

Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls and make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help to digest fat, particularly in the building of strong cell membranes. However, too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood.

There are 2 types of cholesterol. The low-density lipoprotein is also known as bad cholesterol which performs the aforementioned activity in the right levels and high-density lipoprotein which returns cholesterol back to the liver for reuse.

However, overexpression of cholesterol can cause plaque building up on the arterial wall, leading to arterial narrowing, wall stiffness, and hardening, some major causes of heart disease and stroke.

Although high blood cholesterol does not induce any symptoms, a prolonged period of uncontrolled high blood cholesterol can cause complications of chest pain, the early sign of coronary artery disease, heart attack,.... and stroke.

According to medical guidelines, the normal goal of non-HDL cholesterol levels should be 30 mg/dL higher than the LDL cholesterol level.

For example, if your non-HDL cholesterol level= LDL cholesterol.+ 30 mg/dL = 130 mg/dL and your HDL is 40 mg/dL = Non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio of 3.25, the ideal range of the ratio.

The healthy ratio of blood cholesterol is 4 (LDL)/1 (HDL). If you have a number that lowers than 4, you have healthy blood cholesterol.

Hyperlipidemia is one member of the cluster conditions of metabolic syndrome, therefore, if you have a number that is higher than 4, your risk of cardiovascular is increased compared to people with healthy levels.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with high blood cholesterol, scientists examined the changes in cholesterol metabolism in response to whole pinto beans (wPB) and their hulls (hPB) supplemented into a diet rich in saturated fat in hamsters.

Pinto bean is also known as common bean, genus Phaseolus and the family Fabaceae. It has a mottled appearance of darker reddish-brown spots on a lighter brownish beige background, thus appearing painted or spotted.

The study included forty-four 9-wk-old male Golden Syrian hamsters that were randomly assigned to 4 diet groups (n = 11), including a 5% (wt:wt) fat diet [normal-fat diet (NF)], a 15% (wt:wt) fat diet [diet rich in saturated fat (HSF), saturated fatty acids accounted for 70% of total fatty acids], or HSF supplemented with 5% (wt:wt) wPB or 0.5% (wt:wt) hPB for 4 wk.

According to the plasma, liver, intestinal, and fecal samples that were collected to evaluate multiple cholesterol markers and gene targets,
* The plasma non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) concentration was significantly reduced in the wPB- and hPB-supplemented groups by 31.9 ± 3.5% and 53.6 ± 3.2%, respectively, compared to the HSF group (P < 0.01), to concentrations comparable with the NF group

* The wPB-supplemented hamsters had significantly lower liver cholesterol (45.1%, P < 0.001) and higher fecal cholesterol concentrations (94.8%, P = 0.001) than those ofthe HSF froup.

* The expressions of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (Hmgcr) and small intestinal acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (Acat2) associated with the elevation of blood cholesterol were significantly decreased in animals administered wPB (by 89.1% and 63.8%, respectively) and hPB (by 72.9% and 47.7%, respectively) compared to the HSF-fed counterparts (P < 0.05).

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "Pinto beans remediated high cholesterol-induced by HSF in male hamsters by decreasing hepatic cholesterol synthesis and intestinal cholesterol absorption, effects which were partially exerted by the hulls".


Taken altogether, Pinto beans may be considered s functional for the treatment of high blood cholesterol, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Pinto Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Lower Non-HDL Cholesterol in Hamsters Fed a Diet Rich in Saturated Fat and Act on Genes Involved in Cholesterol Homeostasis by Nguyen AT1,2, Althwab S3,4, Qiu H3, Zbasnik R1, Urrea C5, Carr TP3, Schlegel V. (PubMed)