Cranberry Inhibits Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1, 2) Infection

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) primarily causes oral herpes, including cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth and on the face.

Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) primarily causes genital herpes and genital herpes outbreaks

Infection can be acute or chronic. In the acute phase of infection, after receiving the messages from the central nervous system related to the danger of microbial infection, the immune macrophages in the first line of defense stimulates the production of blood palette to the cover the wound and pro-inflammatory cytokines to the site of the infection to kill off pathogens which try to enter the body.

However, overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of infection has also killed off or damage to the nearby healthy cells, leading to the formation of scars.

In most cases in a healthy individual, the immune system can easily eradicate all foreign invaders and the wound is recovered within days and weeks.

Symptoms of the acute infection include gastrointestinal discomforts, such as congestion vomiting or nausea, and diarrhea, short term joint or muscle pain, fever, headache, skin rash and cough, Some patients with acute infection also experience symptoms of swollen lymph nodes, an indication of the body is fighting infection.

In chronic infection, the symptoms are most vague or no specific symptoms, including bronchitis and asthma, persistent low-grade chronic joint and muscle pain, or swelling and the alternations between diarrhea and constipation, bloating, or heartburn, In other words, the symptoms are totally depended on the location of the low-grade inflammation.


Most cases of infection except those of viral infection are treated by topical antibiotic cream and/or oral antibiotics.

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of skin infection, researchers investigated the effects of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) extracts Oximacro(®) against Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infections.

In vitro, the novel cranberry extract Oximacro(®) and its purified A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs-A) inhibited HSV-1 and HSV-2 replication.

Furthermore, Oximacro(®) prevented the adsorption of HSV-1 and HSV-2 to target cells.

Moreover, Oximacro(®) and its PACs-A targeted the viral envelope glycoproteins gD and gB to enter cells, thus resulting in the loss of infectivity of HSV particles.


Most importantly, Oximacro(®) completely exerted continuously its anti-HSV activity even at acidic pHs (3.0 and 4.0) and in the presence of 10% human serum proteins, and conditions that mimic the physiological properties of the vagina.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "Oximacro(®) as an attractive candidate for the development of novel microbicides of natural origin for the prevention of HSV infections".

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered immune-modulatory remedy, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Inhibition of herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 infections by Oximacro(®), a cranberry extract with a high content of A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs-A) by Terlizzi ME1, Occhipinti A2, Luganini A3, Maffei ME4, Gribaudo G. (PubMed)