Herbal Cleaver(Galium aparine), inhibits the Melanoma Cell Metastasis in Vitro

Skin melanoma is a skin cancer characterized by the alternation of the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. However, in rare cases, melanoma can also occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye.

Most cases of melanoma start in melanocytes on skin before spreading to the nearby tissue. In the advanced stage, the cancer cells can also travel a distance away from the originated site to infect other tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis, through the circulation of blood and fluids.

The most common sites of melanoma metastasis are the lung and breast.

The most common symptoms are visible by examing the change of skin, including the sores that can not heal itself, redness or swelling, persistent itching, tenderness and pain and particular, change of skin color and bleeding off of a mole compared to the normal moles.

The 4 most common types of skin melanoma include
* Superficial spreading melanoma, the type of cancer has a tendency to spread grow outward and spread across the surface of the skin, accounted for 70% of all melanoma skin cancer.

* Nodular melanoma normally grows down into the skin and has a tendency to spread more quickly than other types of melanoma skin cancer.

* Lentigo malignant melanoma, most common in the older population, making up approximately 15% of all melanoma skin cancer.

* Acral lentiginous melanoma, most common in people with darker skin. Cancer first moves outward before spreading deeper into the skin.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in 2019, approximately, 96,480 new melanomas will be diagnosed (about 57,220 in men and 39,260 in women) in the US. The condition also causes the death of 4,740 men and 2,490 women.

Believe it or not. most cases of melanoma are found in older adults. The average age diagnosed with melanoma is 63.

Cleaver is a herbaceous annual plant, genus Galium, belonging to the family Rubiaceae, native to North America and Eurasia. The herb has been used over thousands of years in herbal and traditional medicine as mild diuretic and blood and lymphatic cleanser and to treat psoriasis, skin conditions, glands, tonsillitis, bladder infections, prevent small kidney stone, etc.


On finding a potential compound for the treatment of skin diseases, researchers investigated the Gallic acid (GA) found in herbal Cleaver in the inhibition of the growth of human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

GA decreases the expression of MMPs MMPs mRNA levels in A375.S2 human melanoma cells in stimulating the cancer cell metastasis.

Furthermore, GA processed antimetastatic potential by decreasing the invasiveness of cancer cells.

Moreover, this action of GA was involved in the Ras, p-ERK signaling pathways with function to communicate a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell to induce the inhibition of MMP-2 associated with cancer spreading in A375.S2 human melanoma cells.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " These data, therefore, provide evidence for the role of GA as a potential cancer chemotherapeutic agent, which can markedly inhibit the invasive capacity of melanoma cells".
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Taken altogether, Comfrey may be considered a remedy to inhibit cancer call spreading, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.



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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Gallic acid inhibits the migration and invasion of A375.S2 human melanoma cells through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and Ras by Lo C1, Lai TY, Yang JS, Yang JH, Ma YS, Weng SW, Lin HY, Chen HY, Lin JG, Chung JG. (PubMed)