Vegetables and Fruits Show Inverse;y Associated with the Risk of Esophageal Cancer

Esophagus, an organ in vertebrates, is the tube that leads foods from the pharynx to the stomach.

Esophageal cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the tissue of the esophagus due to the alternation of the cell DNA.

More precisely, esophageal cancer can be a result of DNA alternation of the cells that line the upper part of the esophagus or glandular cells that line the lower part of the esophagus, connecting to the stomach.

At the advanced stage, most cases of esophageal cancer after penetrating the wall of the esophagus tend to spread to the lymph node around the bottom of the esophagus, stomach, and chest, then to the distant parts of the body.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in 2019, approximately 17,650 new esophageal cancer cases will be diagnosed, including 13,750 in men and 3,900 in women.

Also, in 2019, esophageal cancer will also cause the death of 16,080 Americans, including 13,020 in men and 3,060 in women.

The 5-year survival rate of people diagnosed in the local stage of esophageal cancer is 45%, much less than other cancer, including 100% of breast cancer.

Believe it or not, esophageal cancer is more common among men than among women. The lifetime risk of esophageal cancer in the US is 1 in 132 in men and about 1 in 455 in women.

Patients with esophageal cancer at the very early stage due to the very small size of the tumor are asymptomatic. However, at the advanced stage, esophageal cancer tends to travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organ, leading to secondary metastasis.

The most common areas of metastasis of esophageal cancer are lymph node around the bottom of the esophagus, stomach, and chest.

On finding a potential plant that processes anti-malignant tumor, activity researchers investigated the association between vegetables and fruits consumption and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA)


According to the Netherlands Cohort Study in 1986 consisting of 120,852 Dutch men and women aged 55-69 filled out a questionnaire on diet and other cancer risk factors and after 16.3 years of follow-up
* 101 ESCC, 144 EAC, 156 GCA, 460 GNCA cases were identified.

* Total vegetable consumption was nonsignificantly inversely associated with EAC and ESCC risk, but not with GCA and GNCA risk/

* There were significant inverse associations with raw vegetables and EAC risk [RR per 25 g/day: 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.98], and Brassica vegetables and GCA risk (RR per 25 g/day: 0.72, 95% CI 0.54-0.95).

* Total fruit consumption was associated with a nonsignificantly decreased EAC risk. Citrus fruits were inversely associated with EAC and GCA risk (RRs for highest vs. lowest intake: 0.55, 95% CI 0.31-0.98 and 0.38, 95% CI 0.21-0.69, respectively).

* Particularly, current smokers, vegetables, and possibly also fruits intake was inversely associated with ESCC and EAC risk.

Based on the evidence, scientists said, "Consumption of (specific groups of) vegetables and fruits may protect against subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer:.

Taken altogether, vegetables and fruits may be considered functional foods for the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Vegetables and fruits consumption and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes in the Netherlands Cohort Study by Steevens J1, Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. (PubMed)