Healthy Cocoa Processes Antiproliferative effects in Cancers

Cancer cell proliferation is a rapid reproduction of invasive cells in malignant tumors.

In other words, instead of dividing with a number of times before replacing by new cells, the cancer cells can divide indefinitely.
Cancer is a class of chronic diseases associated with irregular cell growth in the tissues of the affected organ, caused by irregular cell growth in the tissue or specific organ in the body due to the alternation of cell DNA.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

However, at the advanced stage, most cancers not can induce common symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomforts, unintended weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue but also localized symptoms depending on the affected tissues and organs.

Cancers at this stage also can travel a distance away from the original site to induce secondary metastasis.

According to the statistics provided by the American cancer society, in 2018,1,735,350 new cases were diagnosed, representing more than 4,700 new cancer diagnoses each day.
The lifetime probability of being diagnosed with cancer is 39.7% for men and 37.6% for women.

Anti-proliferative activity is the process to inhibit cell growth antiproliferative effects on tumor cells.

The cocoa bean or simply cocoa is the dried and fully fermented seed of Theobroma cacao, which appeared in different cultures worldwide for hundreds of years, particularly in many ancient South American countries.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of cancer, researchers examined the inhibitory effect of different cocoa polyphenols extracts, alone or combined with beta-sitosterol, on two human prostate cancer cell lines (nonmetastatic 22Rv1 cells and metastatic DU145 cells) and a normal human prostate cell line (RWEP-1).

According to the experimental analysis of cells treated independently with five products from 1 to 72 h: (1/) synthetic beta-sitosterol, (2/) a cocoa polyphenols extract supplemented with beta-sitosterol, (3/) three different cocoa polyphenols extracts naturally containing beta-sitosterol, at the highest tested concentration, cocoa polyphenols extracts induced a complete inhibition of growth of metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer cell lines.

Furthermore, cocoa polyphenols extracts alone were more active against local cancer cells than against metastatic cells,.

However, at the highest tested concentration, cocoa polyphenols extract alone is not effective on normal prostate cell lines.

On the other hand, beta-sitosterol induced low growth inhibition of both cancer cell lines, compared to cocoa polyphenols extracts which is significantly more active and showed strong and fast inhibition of cell growth than beta-sitosterol alone.

There is no synergy or addition that was observed when beta-sitosterol was tested together with the cocoa polyphenols extract.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "Our results show that cocoa polyphenols extracts have an antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer cell growth but not on normal cells, at the highest tested concentration".

Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of stomach cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) In-vitro effects of polyphenols from cocoa and beta-sitosterol on the growth of human prostate cancer and normal cells by Jourdain C1, Tenca G, Deguercy A, Troplin P, Poelman D. (PubMed)