Black Mustard Inhibits the Oxidative Stress induced Nephrotoxicity

The kidneys formed part of the secretary system are two bean-shaped organs located against the back muscles in the upper abdominal area.

The kidneys play a critical role in filtering wastes from the breakdown of active muscle and the food you eat and removing extra water from the blood through urinary secretion.

Furthermore, the kidneys also maintain the fluid in the body by secreting extra water through urinary secretion.
Nephrotoxicity is a condition associated with toxicity in the kidneys induced by chemical toxins and chemicals and medications.

The nephrotoxicity induced kidney damage has been found in most patients' kidney failure.

Oxidative nephrotoxicity is a medical condition associated with the reduced function of the kidney due to the expression of oxidative stress in the kidney often observed by kidney oxidative stress markers.

Oxidative stress is a condition caused by either overexpression of free radical or low levels of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host body.

In other words, the unbalanced ratio of the levels of free radicals and antioxidants enzymes is the major cause of the onset of oxidative stress, leading to the damage of lipid, DNA, and protein in the cells of the host.

Free radicals are unstable and high reactive molecules with a single electron in the outer ring.

In order for them to become stable, free radicals are ready to donate or intercept an electron from other molecules, leading to a chain reaction that cannot be stopped until the electrons on the outer ring are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

Antioxidants are stable molecules that inhibit the oxidation induced by free radicals.

Black mustard is a spice that belongs to an annual plant cultivated for its black or dark brown seeds native to tropical regions of North Africa, temperate regions of Europe, and parts of Asia.
On finding a potential plant that processes kidney protective activity researchers examined the protective effect of the methanol extract of B. nigra leaves against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.

The study included the administration of a methanol extract of B. nigra at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt. against D-GalN (500 mg/kg b.wt.) induced toxicity on tested rats, with silymarin used as the standard.

Compared to control, D-GalN-induced toxicity showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the serum and tissue inflammatory markers in toxic rats,

However, pretreatment of with The B. nigra in toxic groups (200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt.) exerted a strong (p < 0.001) reduction in the D-GalN-induced toxicity observed by the expression of biochemical parameters.

In other words, B. nigra leaf extract pretreatment protected the kidney tissue against damage induced by oxidation.

Furthermore, s the standard group treated by silymarin also showed a similar effect as of the experimental extract

Based on the findings, researchers said, "The crude methanol extract of B. nigra leaf lacks inherent toxicity and exhibits hepatic and nephroprotective effects against D-GalN-induced toxicity in Wistar rats".

Taken altogether, Black mustard may be considered a functional food for the prevention of oxidative nephrotoxicity, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Brassica nigra plays a remedy role in hepatic and renal damage by Rajamurugan R1, Suyavaran A, Selvaganabathy N, Ramamurthy CH, Reddy GP, Sujatha V, Thirunavukkarasu C. (PubMed)