Tocopherols Show to Inhibits the Risk of Mammary Cancer in Female Mice

Cancer is the class of diseases associated with the growth of the cells disorderly and uncontrollably due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

According to the statistics provided by the American cancer society, in 2018,1,735,350 new cases were diagnosed, representing more than 4,700 new cancer diagnoses each day.


The lifetime probability of being diagnosed with cancer is 39.7% for men and 37.6% for women.
The mammary gland located in the breasts of females is responsible for lactation, or the production of milk.

Both males and females have glandular tissue within the breasts, however, in females, the glandular tissue begins to develop after puberty in response to estrogen release.
A mammary tumor is a medical and chronic condition that originated from the milk-producing gland.

Most cases of the mammary cancer are first found in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the milk-producing gland, before penetrating deeper into the layers.

At the advanced stage, the malignant cancer cells can also travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis.

Epidemiologically, mammary cancer has been found to spread to the colon and the liver.

Most common risk factors of mammary cancer are similar to those of breast cancer, including, aging, physical inactivity, being obese or overweight, family and personal history, having a dense breast, radiation therapy, pregnancy history, genetic proposition, particularly in women who had used drug diethylstilbestrol (DES).

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases, researchers examined the synergistic effect of lycopene and tocopherol against oxidative stress and mammary tumorigenesis.

According to the analysis from the administration of lycopene (Lyco) alone or combined with tocopherol (Lyco + Toco) for 90 days against a single oral dose of (50 mg/kg body weight) 7,12-dimethyl[a], benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced oxidative stress and mammary carcinogenesis in female rats,* There is a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in serum and breast tissues of DMBA-injected rats.


* The combined treatment (Lyco + Toco) group showed a potential reduction of these parameters more than Lyco alone group.

* Furthermore, Lyco alone showed significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase.
In other words, the formation of tumor and angiogenesis in DMBA-induced rats and these abnormal changes were ameliorated by combined treatment with Lyco + Toco.

After talking about other factors into account, researchers said, "these results suggested that supplementation of the diet with Lyco and Toco provided antioxidant defense, with strong chemopreventive activity against DMBA-induced mammary tumors".

Taken altogether, tocopherols used alone or combined with lycopene may be considered adjunct therapies in the treatment of breast cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Synergistic effect of lycopene and tocopherol against oxidative stress and mammary tumorigenesis induced by 7,12-dimethyl[a]benzanthracene in female rats by Al-Malki AL1, Moselhy SS, Refai MY. (PubMed)