Turmeric Protects Diabetics Against Renal Inflammation that Causes Diabetic Nephropathy (Dn)

Diabetic renal inflammation is a condition associated with inflammation in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (Dn) is a chronic kidney disease in diabetics, a leading cause of end-stage renal failure.

Epidemiologically, diabetic nephropathy is also associated with cardiovascular disease and increases mortality of diabetic patients.

Metabolic and hemodynamic alterations, oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system are some of the risk factors that have been found in patients with Dn.

Inflammation is a natural defense of the immune system that protects the body against the insult from the foreign invasion.

Acute inflammation occurs quickly or within the hours and lasts a few days or weeks and the damage tissues are healed itself after all pathogens are killed off.

However, if the immune system can not completely destroy all invaders in the acute phase of infection, it will compromise, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, a major cause of cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and diabetes.

In diabetes, the presence of chronic low-grade inflammation activated by the innate immune system induced production of pro-Inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-1, IL-6, and IL-18, as well as TNF-α, are some of the major factors that involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Dr. Juan F. Navarro-González, the lead scientist in the examined the effect of inflammatory cytokines in the risk of Dn wrote, "When considering the role of cytokines in pathophysiological processes underlying disease, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the activities of these molecules are very complex, as reflected by important features, including their pleiotropic actions—and thus a cytokine may trigger several different cellular responses depending on diverse factors, such as cell type, timing, and context".

And, "Cytokines share receptor subunits; act synergistically in many contexts, and, therefore, the association of two cytokines can markedly amplify their effects; cytokines stimulate the cells that produce them, or adjacent cells, or even can intervene through direct cell-cell interaction; and, finally, cytokines induce the expression of other cytokines and cytokine receptors".

In other words, diabetic renal inflammation is the main culprit that causes the development of Dn.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

With an aim to find a potential compound for the treatment of renal inflammation, researchers examined the effect of Curcumolide, a novel sesquiterpenoid isolated from Curcuma wenyujin for the control of diabetic retinopathy.

According to the experiment results, treatment with curcumolide alleviated retinal inflammatory activities both in vitro and in vivo in an STZ-induced diabetic rat model and in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs.

Furthermore, curcumolide alleviated retinal vascular permeability by blocking the quality of a material or membrane that causes it to allow liquids or gases to pass through it, and leukostasis that causes elevated blast cell count and symptoms of decreased tissue perfusion in the retinas.

Moreover, curcumolide attenuated the overexpression of TNF-α and ICAM-1associaed with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in diabetic retinas through activation of NF-κB is a protein complex and p38 MAPK.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "These data suggest potential treatment strategies against diabetic retinopathy, particularly in the early stages of the disease".

Taken altogether, turmeric processed abundantly bioactive compound curcumolide may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of renal inflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Curcumolide reduces diabetic retinal vascular leukostasis and leakage partly via inhibition of the p38MAPK/NF-κ B signaling by Cai Y1, Li W1, Tu H1, Chen N1, Zhong Z1, Yan P1, Dong J. (PubMed)
(2) The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Diabetic Nephropathy by Juan F. Navarro-González and Carmen Mora-Fernández. (JASN)