All About Vitamins: Vitamin A deficiency and Spatial memory deficit

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Vitamin A, a bi-polar molecule formed by bonds between carbon and hydrogen, is a fat soluble vitamin which can not be stored in the liver but it can be converted from beta-carotene, a powerful antioxidant. The vitamin is best known fir its strong effects in improving vision and enhancing bone growth.

Spatial memory deficits is a loss of recording information about one's environment and spatial orientation, probably due to impair of right parahippocampal cortex(1) and is considered as age-related memory decline, beginning at middle-age and coincides with reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

In animal study, VA deficiency (VAD) can cause learning and spatial memory deficits through inhibiting RARα expression in induced decreases NR1 expression via no direct transcriptional regulation and then inhibiting hippocampal neuronal Ca(2+) excitability of which affects long-term potentiation, finally producing deficits in active learning and spatial memory in adolescence(2).

Vitamin A supplementation from middle-age could be a good strategy to maintain hippocampal plasticity and functions(3) and may reverse reverses spatial memory deficit(4).

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Sources
(1) Spatial memory deficits in patients with lesions to the right hippocampus and to the right parahippocampal cortex by Bohbot VD1, Kalina M, Stepankova K, Spackova N, Petrides M, Nadel L.(PubMed)
(2) Vitamin A deficiency impairs postnatal cognitive function via inhibition of neuronal calcium excitability in hippocampus by Jiang W1, Yu Q, Gong M, Chen L, Wen EY, Bi Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Qu P, Liu YX, Wei XP, Chen J, Li TY.(PubMed)
(3) A mid-life vitamin A supplementation prevents age-related spatial memory deficits and hippocampal neurogenesis alterations through CRABP-I. byTouyarot K1, Bonhomme D, Roux P, Alfos S, Lafenêtre P, Richard E, Higueret P, Pallet V.(PubMed)
(4) Retinoic acid restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis and reverses spatial memory deficit in vitamin A deprived rats by Bonnet E1, Touyarot K, Alfos S, Pallet V, Higueret P, Abrous DN.(PubMed)