Curcumin, the Bioactive Compound of Turmeric Protects the Blood Vessels Against Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to any conditions caused by the underlying damage of blood vessels and the heart.

In other words, depending on the location of the blockage or disruption, CVD can be coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina, myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack) or stroke.

According to the statistics provided by the American Heart Association, approximately 84 million people in this US suffer from some form of cardiovascular disease, leading to the death of about 2,200 people a day.

The exact causes of CVD are not identified. however, the most prevalent factors that cause CVD are aging, family history, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, being overweight and smoking.

Epidemiological studies suggested that most people with CVD are also associated with atherosclerosis, a condition caused by long-term plaque buildup on artery walls, which can narrow the arteries and reduce blood flow through your arteries to the heart.

Some researchers suggested the promotion of the Western diet over the past few decades may have a strong implication on the rise of CVD.

Dr. Mirmiran P, the lead scientist, in the examination of the diet pattern and the risk of CVD in Iran, said, "During a mean 4.7 ± 1.4 years of follow-up, 57 participants experienced CVD-related events. In the fully adjusted model, we observed an increased risk of CVD-related events in the highest compared to the lowest tertile category of Western dietary pattern score (HR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.03-4.18, P for trend = 0.01)".

And "the Western dietary pattern, characterized by higher loads of processed meats, salty snacks, sweets, and soft drinks, is a dietary risk factor for CVD in the Iranian population".

The results strongly indicated the increased risk of CVD in people who follow the Western diet pattern.


Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.
In the urgency to discover a potential compound for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with the largest mortality worldwide, scientists examined the cardiovascular protective properties of curcumin in CVDs.

According to the review, curcumin showed significant activity against the onset of CVDs, including cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, drug-induced cardiotoxicity, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, stroke, and diabetic cardiovascular complications.

In dyslipidemia, an important and common cardiovascular risk factor in the general population, researchers assessed the efficacy and safety of turmeric and curcumin in lowering blood lipids in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), through searching the database of medical literature.

The comprehensive literature search conducted on PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Medline and Cochrane Library databases were to identify randomized controlled trials (published as of November 2016).


Based on the results of 7 eligible studies (649 patients) satisfied the guideline and criteria, researchers found that
* Turmeric and curcumin significantly reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels as compared to those in the control group.

* Turmeric and curcumin also were effective in lowering serum total cholesterol (TC), levels in patients with metabolic syndrome.

* Turmeric extract have a greater effect on reducing serum TC levels compared to curcumin.

* Both turmeric and curcumin did not improve the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

* More importantly, turmeric and curcumin are safe, and no serious adverse events were reported in any of the included studies.

Dr. Qin S, the lead researcher wrote, "Turmeric and curcumin may protect patients at risk of CVD through improving serum lipid levels. Curcumin may be used as a well-tolerated dietary adjunct to conventional drugs".

Taken altogether, turmeric and its bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of curcumin in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Curcumin, the golden spice in treating cardiovascular diseases by Li H1, Sureda A2, Devkota HP3, Pittalà V4, Barreca D5, Silva AS6, Tewari D7, Xu S8, Nabavi SM. (PubMed)
(2) Efficacy and safety of turmeric and curcumin in lowering blood lipid levels in patients with cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Qin S1, Huang L1, Gong J1,2, Shen S1,2, Huang J1,2, Ren H2, Hu H. (PubMed)
(3) Western dietary pattern increases risk of cardiovascular disease in Iranian adults: a prospective population-based study by Mirmiran P1, Bahadoran Z2, Vakili AZ3, Azizi F. (PubMed)