Phytochemicals Lycopene Suppresses the Onset of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is a chronic condition caused by cell growth irregularly in the tissue of the colon and rectum. In other words, colorectal cancer includes colon and rectal cancer.

Colon and rectum formed parts of the digestive system with a function to reabsorb fluids and process and secrete waste products from the body.

Most cases of colorectal cancer start in the cells on the surface of the issue of either the colon or rectum. At the very early stage, due to the very small size of the tumor, colorectal cancer may not induce any symptoms.

However, at the advanced stage, the cancerous cells travel may travel a distance away from the colon and rectum to infect other healthy tissue and organ, leading to secondary metastasis.

According to statistics provided by WHO, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer occurring in men and the second most commonly occurring cancer in women. Over 1.8 million new cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in 2018 worldwide.


Out of many prevalent factors associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, some researchers suggested that the rise of the incidence of the disease was linked to the promotion of the Western diet over the past few decades in the US and economic prosperity in South-East Asia.


More precisely, the increased colorectal cancer at an alarming rate is a result of replacing the traditional diet by the Western diet due to economic prosperity.

Dr. Alan Moss, the lead scientist wrote, "Dietary Patterns and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Analysis by Tumor Location and Molecular Subtypes” by Mehta et al2 helps us to move beyond generalizations about Western diet and CRC risk, to a more detailed understanding of the association between diet and colorectal tumor location and also molecular subtypes".

And, "Processed meats result from salting, smoking, fermenting, or curing the meat, and common examples include ham, bacon, and sausage.5 Furthermore, red meat was declared as probably carcinogenic to humans, and red meat was listed as a group 2A substance.4 Red and processed meats are considered significant components of a “Western” diet".

Lycopene is a phytochemical in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and performs various functions in photosynthesis.

With an aim to find a plant-based compound for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), researchers examined the effect of lycopene in the risk of colorectal cancer developing.

The study was conducted by searching the studies published in the PubMed and EMBASE medical database.

According to 15 included in the meta-analysis,
* The comparison of summary relative risk (RR) for the highest versus lowest category, there was no significant association between lycopene consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer.

* However, lycopene consumption showed a significant effect in reducing the risk of colon cancer.

In other words, lycopene not only is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer but also is a phytochemical that process anti-colon cancer property.

Additonally, according to the data on lycopene on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and on animal models studies, injection of lycopene not only inhibited cell proliferation but also the progression of the CRC by interacting with various cellular signaling pathways, including proteins involved in pro-inflammatory production and cell death programming.

More precisely, lycopene suppresses colorectal cancer cells through its antioxidant activity.

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomato may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Lycopene Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies by Wang X1, Yang HH2, Liu Y3, Zhou Q4, Chen ZH. (PubMed)
(2) Colorectal cancer: an update on the effects of lycopene on tumor progression and cell proliferation by Carini F1, David S1, Tomasello G1,2, Mazzola M1,2, Damiani P3, Rappa F1,4, Battaglia L5, Gerges Geagea A1,6, Jurjus R7, Leone A. (PubMed)
(3) The Association Between Diet and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Moving Beyond Generalizations
Alan Moss, and Kumanan Nalankilli. (Gastroenterology)