Betanin Kills Colon Cancer Cells by Toxicity

Colon cancer is a medical and chronic condition caused by the irregular growth of cells in the colon, due to the alternation of cell DNA.

Colon formed part of the digestive tract, including the large intestine with a function to reabsorb fluid before passing them back to the blood and remove waste through the anus.

Colon cancer is one most slow cancer compared to other cancers. In some patients, colon cancer may exist in the colon more than 20 years before it is discovered.

According to the statistic provided by the American Cancer Society, in 2019, approximately, 101,420 new cases of colon cancer will be diagnosed. Colon cancer also causes the death of 51,020 deaths. during 2019.

The lifetime risk associated with the onset of colorectal cancer is 1 in 22 (4.49%) for men and 1 in 24 (4.15%) for women.

Out of many risk factors involved in the onset of colorectal cancer, aging is one of the major culprits, according to the epidemiological studies.

The median age diagnosed with colon cancer is 68 in men and 72 in women compared to the age of 63 of rectal cancer in both men and women.

However, over the past few decades, the incidence of colon cancer has been found to rise in the younger age groups, probably due to the promotion of a high-fat diet.

Dr. Robb Bird, the editor at the worldwide health wrote, "Poor diet is associated with about 80 percent of colorectal cancer cases. Even 20 years ago studies were attributing colon cancers to high-fat diets. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States with more than 130,000 cases reported every year. These cancers are a result of a combination of several causes including genetic, epigenetic and environmental causes, such as diet. Hopefully, with more research, the exact pathways by which diet leads to cancer can be discovered. Once discovered, blocking these pathways can hopefully reduce the negative impact of a high-fat diet on colon cancer risk".


Betanin is Phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments of Betacyanins, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

Om finding a potential compound for the treatment of continuing colonic inflammation, an important risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer, researchers examined phytochemical compound betanin isolated from beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. rubra) effects against colon cancer.

In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), administration of betanin exerted an inhibition against the oxidative DNA damage and induced apoptosis in neutrophils from the blood, compared to those obtained in colon carcinoma-derived Caco-2 cells.


In IBD patients' neutrophils, betanin treatment at the concentration of 100 μM for 24 h modulated the immune function by exerting anti-inflammatory activity, assessed by comet assay.


In Caco-2 cells, injection of H2O2 caused a 4-fold increase of DNA strand breaks in comparison to untreated cells, but pre-treatment with betanin reduced DNA damage in these cells.

Betanin also exhibited the protein associated with pro-apoptotic function accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in the energy transformation.


In other words, betanin promotes the ROS cytotoxicity that leads to colon cancer cell death without harming the nearby cells through its antioxidant activity.

The findings strongly suggested betanin exerts anti-inflammatory and potentially cancer-preventive activity.

Taken altogether, betanin isolated from beetroot may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betanin in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) DNA damage and apoptosis in blood neutrophils of inflammatory bowel disease patients and in Caco-2 cells in vitro exposed to betanin by Zielińska-Przyjemska M1, Olejnik A2, Dobrowolska-Zachwieja A3, Łuczak M4, Baer-Dubowska W. (PubMed)
(2) High-fat diet found to stimulate cell growth in the colon, increasing the risk of colon cancer by the World Health Net