Phytochemical Allicin, the Bioactive Compound with Anti Gastric Cancer Potential

Gastric cancer is a condition caused by abnormal growth of the mucus-producing cells of the inside lining of the stomach. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of stomach cancer.

At the later stage, liver cancer cells may travel a distance away from the liver to infect other healthy tissue, leading to secondary metastasis through blood and fluids circulation.

According to the American Cancer Society, every year, approximately 26,000 cases of stomach cancer will be diagnosed (16,000 in men and 9,000 in women). Cancer causes the death of over10,000 people, including 6,000 men and 4,000 women).

The cause of gastric cancer is a result of the alternation of cell DNA in the stomach. Researchers do not know what causes the cell DNA alternation, but they do know certain risk factors such as smoking, family history, genetic preposition, certain diseases associated with the stomach and previous stomach surgery are involved in the onset of the disease.

However, some researchers suggested that infection caused by Helicobacter pylori is the most important risk factor for gastric cancer.

Dr. Lydia E. Wroblewski, the lead author examined the effects of Helicobacter pylori in the risk of gastric cancer wrote, "Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that colonizes approximately 50% of the world's population. Infection with H. pylori causes chronic inflammation and significantly increases the risk of developing duodenal and gastric ulcer disease and gastric cancer".

And, "Infection with H. pylori is the strongest known risk factor for gastric cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide".

Allicin is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in onion and garlic.

With an aim to find the natural compound for the treatment of gastric cancer with no side effects, researchers evaluated the allicin, an active compound derived from garlic anti-cancer effects.

Allicin injection reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, partly through induction of apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.

At the molecular level, allicin induced cancer death through degradation of cancer cells through activation of the proteins associated with the stimulation of cell apoptosis, including the caspase-3, -8, and -9 and Bax and fas expression.

Allicin treatment also inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cancer cells.

Dr. the lead researcher said, "Data from the current study demonstrated that allicin should be further investigated as a novel cancer preventive or therapeutic agent in control of gastric cancer, with potential uses in other tumor types".

In a total of patients with progressive gastric adenocarcinoma, whose diagnosis was by gastroscopy and pathological examination assigned to 2 groups, 40 in each group, researchers examined the effects of local application of allicin via gastroscopy on progressive gastric carcinoma.

Allicin group showed the cell apoptosis rate of 9.60 +/- 1.52%, the percentage of cell in G0/G1 phase of 72.12 +/- 8.35%, in G2/M phase 9.54 +/- 3.20%, and PI 27.80 +/- 8.35, compared to the rate of 2.20 +/- 0.58%, 69.56 +/- 5.15%, 13.20 +/- 3.05%, and 30.40 +/- 5.15 in control.

The efficacy of allicin was attributed to the inhibition of the function of a protein (gene Bcl-2) associated with cancer cell anti-apoptosis and exhibition of the function of proteins (gene Bax and Fas) associated with the pro-apoptosis.

These results suggested that local application of allicin via gastroscopy can inhibit the cell growth and proliferation of progressive gastric carcinoma, and can also promote gastric carcinoma cell apoptosis, according to the final report by Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University.


Taken altogether, phytochemical allicin may be considered a bioactive compound for the prevention and combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of gastric cancer

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Allicin induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways by Zhang W, Ha M, Gong Y, Xu Y, Dong N, Yuan Y.(PubMed)
(2) [Effect of local application of allicinvia gastroscopy on cell proliferation and apoptosis of progressive gastric carcinoma].[Article in Chinese] by Zhang ZD, Li Y, Jiao ZK.(PubMed)
(3) Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: Factors That Modulate Disease Risk by Lydia E. Wroblewski,1,* Richard M. Peek, Jr.,1,2,3 and Keith T. Wilson. (PMC)