Red Chinese Cabbage Inhibits Vascular Inflammatory Diseases in Vivo

Inflammation is a natural immune response that protects our body against the invasion of stimuli and foreign pathogens.

During the acute phase of infection, the immune first line of defense activates the protein associated with the production of blood palettes to cover the wound and inflammatory cytokines to the site of injury with an aim to prevent and kill off harmful microorganisms.

However, overproduction of inflammatory cytokines not only can induce fever, swelling, and pain to the affected area but also damage to the nearby cells and tissue, leading to the formation of scars.

Chronic inflammatory diseases are the class of conditions involved in low-grade inflammation that affects tissue or organ. Some researchers suggested that the immune system has evolved over thousands of years to kill off the foreign invasive pathogens within a period of time, normally between 3 to 8 weeks. If the immune fails to do so, it will adapt to the new change, leading to chronic inflammation.

There are several factors that cause the onset of the conditions. Some scientists indicated untreated acute inflammation, such as an infection or injury and an autoimmune disorder involved immune system mistakenly attacking healthy tissue are the most causes of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Certain risk factors such as long-term exposure to irritants, such as industrial chemicals or polluted air, the increase in age, being obesity or obesity, low sex hormone production, sleep disorder and diet.

Furthermore, vascular inflammation increased the risk of CVD are found to have a close link between inflammation and redox balance or oxidative stress caused the imbalanced ratio of free radicals and antioxidants produced by the host.

Dr. Steven S, the lead scientist said, "Clinical trials have identified chronic inflammatory disorders as cardiovascular risks, and recent research has revealed a contribution by various inflammatory cells to vascular oxidative stress. Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are closely associated with inflammation, probably due to the close interaction of inflammation with oxidative stress".

And, "The value of immunomodulation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease was recently supported by large-scale clinical trials demonstrating reduced cardiovascular mortality in patients with the established atherosclerotic disease when treated by highly specific anti-inflammatory therapies (e.g., using monoclonal antibodies against cytokines)".


Cabbage is a species of Brassica oleracea belonging to the family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae), native to the Mediterranean region along the seacoast. The veggie has a short stem of which is crowded a mass of leaves, usually green but in some varieties, it may be red or purplish.
With an aim to find a natural food for the prevention against disease associated with vascular inflammation, researchers examined the anti-inflammatory activities of an anthocyanin-rich extract from red Chinese cabbage (ArCC).

According to the analysis of cultured endothelial cells, ArCC treatment suppressed monocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-α-in atherosclerotic plaque formation by inhibiting endothelial adhesion molecules.

The action of ArCC against vascular inflammation was attributed by decreasing the expression of a protein associated with cytokine production.

In hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, administration of ArCC (150 or 300 mg/kg/day) showed a similar effect on the inhibition of aortic inflammatory cytokines, reduction of plaque formation accompanied by the lowering the leukocyte infiltration.

Based on the results, researchers wrote, "The results suggest that the consumption of anthocyanin-rich red Chinese cabbage is closely correlated with lowering the risk of vascular inflammatory diseases".

Taken altogether, red Chinese cabbage processed abundantly anthocyanin may be considered a dietary vegetable for the prevention and treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of anthocyanin in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Red Chinese Cabbage Alleviates Vascular Inflammation in Endothelial Cells and Apo E-/- Mice by Joo HK1, Choi S2, Lee YR3, Lee EO4, Park MS5, Park KB6, Kim CS7, Lim YP8, Park JT9, Jeon BH. (PubMed)
(2) Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease by Steven S1,2, Frenis K1, Oelze M1, Kalinovic S1, Kuntic M1, Bayo Jimenez MT1, Vujacic-Mirski K1, Helmstädter J1, Kröller-Schön S1, Münzel T1,3, Daiber A. (PubMed)