Phytochemical Carotenoids Blocks the Liver cancer Onset and Progression

Liver cancer is a medical condition caused by irregular cell growth in the liver tissue due to the alternation of the cell's DNA.

The liver is the largest internal organ located in the upper right portion of the abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.

Since the organ is a soft tissue with less nerve, most liver cancer patients are diagnosed in the later stage of cancer.

liver cancer remains the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of primary liver cancer.

According to the statistic, approximately 42,030 adults (29,480 men and 12,550 women) in the United States will be diagnosed with primary liver cancer in 2019 in the US.

Believe it or not, since 1980, the incidence of liver cancer has tripled. Between 2006 and 2015, the number of people diagnosed with the disease increased by approximately 3% annually.

The exact causes of liver cancer are not identified. However, epidemiologically, age, gender, geography, cirrhosis (severe scarring in the liver) and medical conditions such as diabetes and obesity are some of the most common prevalent factors associated with liver cancer developing.

Some researchers suggested the increased liver cancer incidence may be associated with the promotion of a high-fat diet over the past few decades.

Dr. VanSaun MN, the lead scientist wrote, "Chronic changes induced by the prolonged consumption of a high-fat diet alone culminate in the development of primary liver dysplasias".


And, "High fat diet-induced steatosis, coupled with a splenic injection model of experimental liver metastasis using syngeneic MC38 colon cancer cells, resulted in an increased number of secondary tumor nodules and metastatic burden in steatotic livers. Metastatic nodules were associated with focal peritumoral areas of infiltrating inflammatory cells and associated apoptotic cell populations".

Carotenoids are a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including lycopene and carotene, found abundantly in ripe tomato, pumpkins, carrots, corn, and daffodils.

On finding a potential ingredient for the treatment of liver cancer researchers examined the carotenoid's effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.

According to the tested results of the delivery of siFOXC1 using novel carotenoid functionalized dendritic nanoparticles (CDN), the CDN not only displayed a markedly reduced toxicity profile but also achieved ∼90% FOXC1 knockdown.

In other words, the established delivery CDN inhibited the expression of transcription factor FOXC1 which has been found to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.


Including carotenoids, the CDN achieve the ∼18% greater delivery efficiency compared to treatments of particles with no carotenoid tagging.

Researchers after taking other factors into account said, "thereby emphasizing the role of carotenoid mediated cell internalization in the efficient delivery of CDN-siFOXC1 complex in liver cancer cells".

More precisely, using the aforementioned delivery system, carotenoids are more effective in the inhibition of liver cancer compared to oral injection.


Taken altogether, carotenoids may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of carotenoids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Carotenoid Nanovector for Efficient Therapeutic Gene Knockdown of Transcription Factor FOXC1 in Liver Cancer by Misra SK1, Ray T2, Ostadhossein F1, Kim B2, Ray PS2, Pan D. (PubMed)
(2) High fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis establishes a permissive microenvironment for colorectal metastases and promotes primary dysplasia in a murine model by VanSaun MN1, Lee IK, Washington MK, Matrisian L, Gorden DL. (PubMed)