Phytochemical Carotenoids Ameliorates the Risk of /Stomach Cancer

The stomach located between the esophagus and the small intestine is a muscular, hollow and important organ of the digestive tract.

The stomach plays a critical role to assist the digestive system in digesting foods by secreting acid and enzymes.
Gastric/Stomach cancer is a medical condition characterized by abnormal growth of the mucus-producing cells of the inside lining of the stomach. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of gastric/stomach cancer.

According to the statistics, most cases of gastric/stomach cancer are found in older people. The average age of people when they are diagnosed is 68. The risk of developing gastric/stomach cancer in a man lifetime is about 1 in 95.


The exact causes of gastric/stomach cancer are unidentified. However, researchers do no certain risk factors are associated with an increased risk of the disease, including
* Age

Most cases of gastric/stomach cancer are found in adults at their fifty.


*Diet
Exposure to certain chemical carcinogens in the foods of the first 20 years of life or over a prolonged period of time may increase the risk of gastric/stomach cancer.

* Bacteria
Researchers found that people with gastric/stomach cancer also contains bacteria Helicobacter pylori in their stomach.

* Hydrochloric acid production
People with the low amount or no of hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach are at risk to develop gastric/stomach cancer

* Long-term inflammation of the stomach
People who have conditions associated with long-term stomach inflammation are at slightly increased risk of gastric/stomach cancer.

* Family history
The risk of gastric/stomach increases if one of the members of your direct family has it.

* Smoking is associated with gastric/stomach due to cigarette carcinogens.

* Obesity
Researchers found that overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of gastric/ stomach cancer. The strength of the association also increases with increasing BMI.


However, most people with some of the aforementioned risk factors have never developed gastric. stomach cancer.

Carotenoids are a class of mainly yellow, orange, or red fat-soluble pigments, including lycopene and carotene, found abundantly in ripe tomato, pumpkins, carrots, corn, and daffodils.

On finding a natural pigment for the prevention and treatment of gastric/stomach cancer, researchers examined the effects of carotenoids, the fat-soluble pigments found abundantly in fruits and vegetables including total dietary carotenoids, dietary carotenoid subclasses (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene), and foods contributing to the dietary intake of each carotenoid on the risk of GC.

According to the results of the case-control study of 415 cases and 830 controls recruited from the National Cancer Center Hospital in Korea between March 2011 and December 2014,
* Intake of carotenoids exerted a significant inverse association with GC risk among women, with the relative odds ratio (OR) of 0.56.

* A higher intake of dietary lycopene was inversely associated with GC risk overall in the subjects with OR 0.60. In men, the OR was 0.60 compared to women with OR of 0.54.

* In the subgroups of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive subjects, dietary lycopene intake demonstration a strong impact on GC risk was also observed in the subgroups of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive subjects and ever smokers.


Compared to foods containing a high amount of carotenoids and lycopene, consumption of tomatoes and tomato ketchup was inversely associated with GC risk in the overall subjects, men, and women.


Based on the findings. researchers wrote, "Based on our findings, a higher intake of dietary lycopene and contributing foods of lycopene (tomatoes and tomato ketchup) may be inversely associated with the risk of GC".

Taken altogether, carotenoids containing a high amount of compound lycopene may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of carotenoids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Dietary Carotenoids Intake and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Korea by Kim JH1, Lee J2, Choi IJ3, Kim YI4, Kwon O5, Kim H6, Kim J. (PubMed)
(2) Stomach Cancer/Gastric Cancer by Kyle J. Norton