All About Vitamins: Vitamin B3 and Metabolic Syndrome

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Niacin may be used together with integrated form of exercise in reduced risk and treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome, a 2015 study suggested.

Niacin, is also known as vitamin B3, nicotinic acid, an organic compound with the formula
C6H5NO2, found abundantly in chicken, beef, fish, cereal, peanuts and legumes. It is best known for its effects in lowering cholesterol and triglycerides and removing toxic from our body and promoting production of steroid hormones.

Metabolic Syndrome is a group risk factors used to predict the early onset of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

In a total of 20 men with MetS expended 500 kcal by walking at 65% of VO2max before and after a 6-week regimen of niacin with niacin doses titrated by 500 mg/week from 500 to 1500 mg/day and maintained at 1500 mg/day for the last 4 weeks, showed a significant reduced density lipoprotein particle size by 3% (P = 0.040) and concentrations of small very low-density lipoprotein increased (P = 0.016) following exercise.

In comparison to the value following exercise, group treated with combination of exercise and niacin expressed a impressive PON1 activity increase of 6.1% (P = 0.037) and PON1 concentrations increase of 11.3% (P = 0.015) in protection against oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation.

Other in the evaluation of Sixty metabolicsyndrome subjects randomized to 16 weeks of treatment on dual placebo, P-OM3 (4 g/day), ERN (2 g/day), suggested that treated group with niacin and Omega 3 fatty acid (ERN and P-OM3) improved all characteristics of metabolic syndrome;

Subjects treated with combination therapy of (ERN and P-OM3) also showed a rate of improvement of increased HDL cholesterol by 7.8 mg/dl (P = 002) and decreased VLDL(1+2) (-32%; P < 0.0001), and TG by 26 mg/dl (-13%, P = 0.04). with no influence to vascular stiffness.

Taking together, there is no doubt that niacin may be used as therateitic vitamin in reduced risk and treatment of metabolic syndrome, but long tern and large amount intake should only prescribed by your family doctor.

 


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(1) Paraoxonase responses to exercise and niacin therapy in men with metabolic syndrome by Taylor JK, Plaisance EP, Mahurin AJ, Mestek ML, Moncada-Jimenez J, Grandjean PW.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of prescription niacin and omega-3 fatty acids on lipids and vascular function in metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial by Shearer GC1, Pottala JV, Hansen SN, Brandenburg V, Harris WS.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B3 induced Hyperglycemia

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Niacin, is also known as vitamin B3, nicotinic acid, an organic compound with the formula
C6H5NO2, found abundantly in chicken, beef, fish, cereal, peanuts and legumes. It is best known for its effects in lowering cholesterol and triglycerides and removing toxic from our body and promoting production of steroid hormones.

Hyperglycemia is a medical condition of abnormal high blood glucose and considered as an early sign of diabetes.

Niacin, one of the antidyslipidemic agent has found to induced blood sugar elevation in patients with diabetes, a renowned institute suggested.

According to the joint study lead by the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, extended-release niacin (ERN) treatment in patients with/ without high blood cholesterol showed an significant increased fasting glucose from baseline in both those with normal (7.9 ± 15.8 vs 4.3 ± 10.3 mg/dL; P < .001) and impaired fasting glucose (4.1 ± 18.7 vs 1.4 ± 14.9; P < .02) and increased insulin levels.

Rate of risk of the release niacin (ERN) treatment in presumed or confirmed impaired fasting glucose (ERN 197/336) cases (58.6%) are also higher in compared placebo 135/325 cases (41.5%; P < .001) over time.

Furthermore, the evaluation of the effect of [G-protein-coupled receptor, (GPR) 109a] function against islet beta-cell, also indicated the influence of niacin in induced elevated blood glucose concentration in obese mice observed by oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests, promoted pancreatic islet dysfunction through free radicals expression in interaction with the the islet beta-cell.

Additionally, Dr.Bays HE, the lead author at the joint study lead by the Louisville Metabolic & Atherosclerosis Research, in the review of the literature of clinical trial data from patients with T2DM, randomized 4:3 to double-blind Extended-release niacin/laropiprant (ERN/LRPT) or placebo (n=796), said, "12 of treatment, ERN/LRPT significantly improved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein (a), compared with placebo, with equal efficacy in patients above or below median baseline glycemic control. Compared with placebo, over 36 weeks of treatment more patients treated with ERN/LRPT had worsening of their diabetes and required intensification of antihyperglycemic medication, irrespective of baseline glycemic control. Incidences of other adverse experiences were generally low in all treatment groups".

Yes, niacin treatment modifies the lipid-effects with increased baseline glycemic control in patients with T2DM.

Patient who take supplement niacin to lower high blood cholesterol should also modify the glucose levels to prevent the risk of glucose spike inducing pre diabetes.

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(1) Effects of Extended-Release Niacin Added to Simvastatin/Ezetimibe on Glucose and Insulin Values in AIM-HIGH by Goldberg RB1, Bittner VA2, Dunbar RL3, Fleg JL4, Grunberger G5, Guyton JR6, Leiter LA7, McBride R8, Robinson JG9, Simmons DL10, Wysham C11, Xu P12, Boden WE13.(PubMed)
(2) Niacin-induced hyperglycemia is partially mediated via niacin receptor GPR109a in pancreatic islets by Chen L1, So WY1, Li SY1, Cheng Q1, Boucher BJ2, Leung PS3.(PubMed)
(3) Extended-release niacin/laropiprant significantly improves lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus irrespective of baseline glycemic control by Bays HE1, Brinton EA2, Triscari J3, Chen E3, Maccubbin D3, MacLean AA3, Gibson KL3, Ruck RA3, Johnson-Levonas AO3, O'Neill EA3, Mitchel YB3(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B3 in Reduced Risk of Hyperlipidemia

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Niacin, is also known as vitamin B3, nicotinic acid, an organic compound with the formula
C6H5NO2, found abundantly in chicken, beef, fish, cereal, peanuts and legumes. The Vitamin is best known for its effects in lowering cholesterol and triglycerides and removing toxic from our body and promoting production of steroid hormones.

Hyperlipidemia is a condition of abnormal high blood cholesterol and triglycerides.

Vitamin B3 and its derivative may be next potential micro nutrient in reduced risk and treatment of high blood cholesterol. a respectable institute postulated.

According to the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, vitamin B3 showed a impressive activity in reduced risk and decreased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in a range of 14 to 16 mg daily in adults and from 1 to 3 g, respectively.

The examined content of niacin(NA) in tablets between 65-80 %, under three different pH values (1, 4.5 and 6.8) over the time period of 30 h, also suggested that the efficacy of niacin released in the gastrointestinal environment can be increased, depending to the adjustment to specific medical requirements.

In compared the efficacy and safety of ERN/LRPT plus simvastatin (ERN/LRPT+SIMVA) with atorvastatin (ATORVA)  in mixed hyperlipidemia of 2340 patients (LDL-C ≥ 130 and ≤ 190 mg/dL, TG ≥ 150 and ≤ 500 mg/dL and above NCEP ATP III risk-based LDL-C goal), ERN/LRPT treatment group showed a superior in improved lipid parameters after 12 weeks with well tolerated adverse effect in comparison to other groups.

Dr. Vogt A in the differentiation of effects of niacin against hyperlipoproteinaemia, said," All lipid lowering medications in use mainly lower low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) with no or limited effect on levels of Lp(a). Niacin, the only component lowering Lp(a), is firstly often poorly tolerated and secondly not available anymore in many countries. A level of <50 mg/dl was recommended recently as the cut off level for clinical use and decision making".

The finding evidences indicated that vitamin B3  may be a potential natural therapeutic micro nutrient in reduced risk and treatment of high blood cholesterol and triglycerides without induced adverse effects

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(1) The use of a hydrogel matrix for controlled delivery of niacin to the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of hyperlipidemia by Sirc J1, Hrib J, Vetrik M, Hobzova R, Zak A, Stankova B, Slanar O, Hromadka R, Sandrikova V, Michalek J.(PubMed)
(2) Lipid-altering efficacy and safety profile of co-administered extended release niacin/laropiprant and simvastatin versus atorvastatin in patients with mixed hyperlipidemia by Chen F1, Maccubbin D, Yan L, Sirah W, Chen E, Sisk CM, Davidson M, Blomqvist P, McKenney JM.(PubMed)
(3) Hyperlipoproteinaemia(a) - apheresis and emerging therapies by Vogt A1.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B3, the Best Vitamin for Longevity

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Niacin may be one of the vital vitamin in increased chance of longevity, a renowned study proclaimed.

Niacin, is also known as vitamin B3, nicotinic acid, an organic compound with the formula
C6H5NO2, found abundantly in chicken, beef, fish, cereal, peanuts and legumes. It is best known for its effects in lowering cholesterol and triglycerides and removing toxic from our body and promoting production of steroid hormones.

According to the Georgetown University Medical Center, in the compared efficacy in prolong life span of Zucker Fatty Rats of (ZFR). niacin-bound chromium (NBC) alone and a formula containing other so-called "insulin sensitizers", group treated with NBC showed a significant in increased life span of average (21.8%), median (14.1%), 30th percentile survival (19.6%), and maximum lifespan (22%).

Also, in a total of metabolic parameters of ZFR fed NBC alone (n=12) or NBC in a unique formula of Allium sativum, Momordica charantia, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Gymnema sylvestre and (n=10) to a control group (n=10), Group rats treated with NBC improved circulating glucose levels and ameliorated elevated cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in compared formula and control. This result suggested that NBC promoted beneficial effects on the glucose and blood pressure systems, which have been factor risks in aging population, effecting longevity.

Other in the study of Nicotinamide, the amide form of niacin (vitamin B(3)), addressed that the vitamin derivative may play a significant role during the enhancement of cell survival as well as cell longevity.

Indeeed, in the experiment model, nicotinamide as a novel agent improved the modulating cellular metabolism, plasticity, longevity, and inflammatory microglial function as well as influencing cellular life span.

Dr. Li F, the lead author in the study said, "The capacity of nicotinamide to govern not only intrinsic cellular integrity, but also extrinsic cellular inflammation rests with the modulation of a host of cellular targets(involved many mechanism)".

Taking altogether, the ability of vitamin B3 and its derivative nicotinamide to foster cellular survival and regulate cellular lifespan in animals should significantly improved the chance in the development of therapies applied to human..

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(1) Niacin-bound chromium increases life span in Zucker Fatty Rats by Preuss HG1, Echard B, Clouatre D, Bagchi D, Perricone NV.(PubMed)
(2) Cell Life versus cell longevity: the mysteries surrounding the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide by Li F1, Chong ZZ, Maiese K.(PubMed)

All About #CurableVitamins: The effects of Vitamin C on Common cold

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Vitamins are organic compounds and vital nutrients needed by your body to grow and develop in a profound way.

Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbate is a water soluble vitamin with a chemical structure formula of C6H6O6 and cannot be stored in the body for more than 24 hours. It is also best known for it's antioxidant property in strengthening the immune system.

      The effects of Vitamin C on Common cold

In a study of "Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold" by Douglas RM, Hemilä H, Chalker E, Treacy B., posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Long term daily supplementation with vitamin C in large doses daily does not appear to prevent colds. There appears to be a modest benefit in reducing duration of cold symptoms from ingestion of relatively high doses of vitamin C. The relation of dose to therapeutic benefit needs further exploration.

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All About Vitamins": Vitamin B2 and Gene type Hypertension

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Riboflavin deficiency may be associated to genes implication of hypertension, a recent study suggested.
Hypertension is a condition with abnormal high levels of blood pressure.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

According to the joint study lead by the Ulster University, the discovered by genome-wide association studies have identified many enzymes in a gene which are associated with blood pressure.

In fact, patients with vitamin B2 deficiency induced T polymorphism in MTHFR showed an increased risk of hypertension by 24-87% and CVD by up to 40%, in compared vitamin B2 sufficient people.

In hypertensive patients identified with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, intake of riboflavin supplementation can offer a non-drug treatment to effectively lower blood pressure.

Dr. McNulty H, the lead author in the study said. "riboflavin, targeted at those homozygous for a common polymorphism in MTHFR, may offer a personalized treatment or preventative strategy for hypertension. Further investigations of this novel gene-nutrient interaction in relation to blood pressure, hypertension and hypertension in pregnancy are required".

Other researchers in support of using vitamin B2 supplement of treatment to lowerblood pressure (BP) in patients with premature cardiovascular disease homozygous for the 677C→T polymorphism (TT genotype) in the gene encoding the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) suggested, in the compared group study of a total of 91 in the trial. out of 1427 patients with hypertension, 157 identified with the MTHFR 677TT genotype, riboflavin (1.6 mg/d) treatment group showed a significant lower of systolic BP but less in diastolic BP after 16 weeks in compared at start and the end of treatment and in compared control.

Dr. Wilson CP, the lead researcher said, " A significant improvement in the biomarker status of riboflavin was observed in response to intervention (P<0.001). Correspondingly, an overall treatment effect of 5.6±2.6 mm Hg (P=0.033) in systolic BP was observed, with pre- and postintervention values of 141.8±2.9 and 137.1±3.0 mm Hg (treatment group) and 143.5±3.0 and 144.3±3.1 mm Hg (placebo group), whereas the treatment effect in diastolic BP was not significant (P=0.291).

Taking altogether, riboflavin supplementation may have a potential effect in targeted at hypertensive individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype in compared to treatment with current antihypertensive drugs, but treatment offerd to normal hypertensive patients must be taken with great care.

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All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 Reduced Risk of Acute Ischaemic Stroke and Improved Cognition in Post Stroke Patients

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Intake of riboflavin (vitamin B2) supplementation may be beneficiary in prevent acute stroke, through reduced levels of oxidation, the respectable University stated.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

In the testing of vitamin B2 levels of a total of 96 acute ischaemic stroke patients, vitamin B2 deficiency is found in over 51% of the population.

According to the University of Sheffield, oral administrated 5 mg of oral riboflavin and other B-group vitamins within 12 h of the stroke onset and then daily or no B-vitamins for 14 days in these patients, vitamin B2 treated group expressed a significant improvement of status compared with the control group.

Dr. Gariballa S, the lead researcher said, "Seven out of 37 patients in the supplement group (19%) were riboflavindeficient compared with 22 out of 39 patients (56%) in the control group at the end of the treatment period" and "A high proportion of acute stroke patients were biochemically deficient of riboflavin immediately post-infarct".

Furthermore, in the total of included 35 patients aged 40-70 years with the newly diagnosed mild and moderate stroke, with main group comprised 29 patients treated with cytoflavin (10 ml twice daily by i/v drop infusion for 10 days), a conventional medicine containging inosine, vitamin B2, 3 and succinic acid, in addition to basal therapy with Controls (n=15) given basal therapy alone, treatment of conbination group displayed a significant improvement of short- and long-term memory as well as the highest health index in compared control.

In all patients examined on days 1 and 15, the onset of therapy revealed some positive dynamics. Indicators of functional normalization in groups 1, such as cognitive function (from the ability to remember 10 words), everyday activities, and quality of life (based on the QOL scale) than control group.

Dr. Shestakov VV, the abovestudy lead author indicated, " cytoflavin therapy significantly improved the health status of the patients. It proved efficacious as regards correction of motor and non-motor symptoms in patients having acuteischemic stroke".

Taking together, Vitamin B2 sumplement may have a potential in reduced risk of acute ischaemic stroke and improved cognitive function  in post stroke patients.

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(1) Riboflavin status in acute ischaemic stroke by Gariballa S1, Ullegaddi R.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2, Treatment of Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Intake of vitamin B2 may associate to enhance the function of the body in normalize the levels of plasma butyrylcarnitine (C4-C) concentration and increased ethylmalonic acid (EMA) excretion involved body fat and energy metabolism.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency is genetic disorder with a condition in prevention of the body from converting certain fats into energy, caused by rare mutations and/or common gene variants in the SCAD encoding gene, depending to the stages of deficiency.

Furthermore, patients with also experience some other symptoms such as failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, and hypotonia, developed seizure or hypotonia without seizures.

According to the joint study lead by the Hospital for Children, there is no other treatment but generally accepted recommendations for dietary manipulation or use of carnitine and/or riboflavin supplementation. 

In the evaluation of the efficacy of riboflavin treatment in a prospective open-label cohort study involving 16 patients with SCADD, subdivided into mutation/mutation (mut/mut), mutation/variant (mut/var), and variant/variant (var/var) genotype groups, vitamin B2 treatment subgroup showed a significant in decreased EMA excretion and in a subjective clinical improvement in four patients from this group.

Dr. van Maldegem BT, the lead author said, "high-dose riboflavin treatment may improve the biochemical features of SCADD, at least in patients with a mut/var genotype and low FAD levels".

Taking altogether, vitamin B2 may be one of therapeutic treatment to normalize the conversion of fat to energy through suppression of lipid oxidation.

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(1) Flavin adenine dinucleotide status and the effects of high-dose riboflavin treatment in short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency by van Maldegem BT1, Duran M, Wanders RJ, Waterham HR, Wijburg FA.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 Deficiency induced Preventable Preeclampsia in Pregnancy

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Riboflavin deficiency is asociated to increased risk factor of  preeclampsia, a renowned institute study proposed.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Preeclampsia is a condition of high blood pressure, sometimes accompanied with water detention in pregnant women.

According to the University Women's Hospital, in the total of 154 pregnant women with increased risk for preeclampsia observed prospectively until delivery, 33.8% among the study population are found to be riboflavin deficiency with the prevalence rate increased to the end of pregnancy.

Among these group of women, risk of developed preeclampsia is increased by 28.8% in compared to women with adequate vitamin B2. Therefore, medication and change of diet are necessary to prevent preeclampsia in induction of certain symptoms, such as gain weigh, headache, abdominal pain,...

Dr. Wacker J, the lead author said, "Riboflavin deficiency should be considered a possible risk factor for preeclampsia. Insufficient concentrations of the riboflavin-derived cofactors flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine mononucleotide could contribute to the established pathophysiologic changes".

Other researchers also found that pregnant women with vitamin B2 deficiency may interfere with production of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a critical folate-metabolising enzyme which can only function normally with riboflavin as co-factor.

In vivo, reduced MTHFR activity caused by vitamin B2 deficiency is associated to increased risk of heart disease and stroke of that may influence the pregnancy outcome and mother risk.

Dr.Reilly R, the lead author in the study opinionated , "The evidence is convincing in the case which links this polymorphism with hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, particularly preeclampsia. Furthermore, elevated blood pressure was found to be highly responsive to riboflavin intervention specifically in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype.".

Taking altogether, women with history of vitamin B2 deficiency should require to test for levels of Riboflavin during the pregnancy to prevent any unfavorable delivery outcomes.

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(1) Riboflavin deficiency and preeclampsia by Wacker J1, Frühauf J, Schulz M, Chiwora FM, Volz J, Becker K.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 Reduced Risk of Acute Ischaemic Stroke and Improved Cognition in Post Stroke Paients

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Intake of riboflavin (vitamin B2) supplementation may be beneficiary in prevent acute stroke, through reduced levels of oxidation, the respectable University stated.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

In the testing of vitamin B2 levels of a total of 96 acute ischaemic stroke patients, vitamin B2 deficiency is found in over 51% of the population.

According to the University of Sheffield, oral administrated 5 mg of oral riboflavin and other B-group vitamins within 12 h of the stroke onset and then daily or no B-vitamins for 14 days in these patients, vitamin B2 treated group expressed a significant improvement of status compared with the control group.

Dr. Gariballa S, the lead researcher said, "Seven out of 37 patients in the supplement group (19%) were riboflavindeficient compared with 22 out of 39 patients (56%) in the control group at the end of the treatment period" and "A high proportion of acute stroke patients were biochemically deficient of riboflavin immediately post-infarct".

Furthermore, in the total of included 35 patients aged 40-70 years with the newly diagnosed mild and moderate stroke, with main group comprised 29 patients treated with cytoflavin (10 ml twice daily by i/v drop infusion for 10 days), a conventional medicine containging inosine, vitamin B2, 3 and succinic acid, in addition to basal therapy with Controls (n=15) given basal therapy alone, treatment of conbination group displayed a significant improvement of short- and long-term memory as well as the highest health index in compared control.

In all patients examined on days 1 and 15, the onset of therapy revealed some positive dynamics. Indicators of functional normalization in groups 1, such as cognitive function (from the ability to remember 10 words), everyday activities, and quality of life (based on the QOL scale) than control group.

Dr. Shestakov VV, the abovestudy lead author indicated, " cytoflavin therapy significantly improved the health status of the patients. It proved efficacious as regards correction of motor and non-motor symptoms in patients having acuteischemic stroke".

Taking together, Vitamin B2 sumplement may have a potential in reduced risk of acute ischaemic stroke and improved cognitive function  in post stroke patients.

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(1) Riboflavin status in acute ischaemic stroke by Gariballa S1, Ullegaddi R.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 In Reduced Risk of Postnatal Depression

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Dietary intake of vitamin B2 and other B vitamin member are associated to the reduced risk of postpartum depression, a Japanese study suggested.

The prevalence of antenatal depression are found as high as 20%, while approximately 12% to 16% of women experience postpartum depression.

Women who consume a typical western diet often expressed an inadequate intakes of n-3, folate, B vitamins including vitamin B2, iron, and calcium in pregnant women inducing depletion of nutrient reserves and increasing risk for maternal depression.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Postpartum depression is depression of a mother following childbirth due to hormone change and other psychological factors, including fatigue.

According to the dietary data obtained during pregnancy from a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire in 865 Japanese women, women with postpartum depression developed found in 121 subjects (14.0%) 2 to 9 months postpartum are associated to lower plasma levels of vitamin B2.

Dr. Miyake Y, the lead researcher said, "Compared with riboflavin intake in the first quartile, only riboflavin consumption in the third quartile was independently related to a decreased risk of postpartum depression (multivariate odds ratio: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29-0.95, P for trend=0.55)".

Other researchers in the study of longitudinal relationships between maternal red-cell folate status and dietary intakes of vitamins B(6), B(12) and folate before and during pregnancy and subsequent postpartum depressive symptoms, also supported the role of vitamin B2 in reduced risk of symptoms of postnatal depression.

There is no doubt that oral injection of vitamin B2 may have a direct role in reduced risk postnatal depression in women when used conjunction with other micro nutrients or alone, but intake of large amount should be taken with care.

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(1) Dietary folate and vitamins B12, B6, and B2 intake and the risk of postpartum depression in Japan: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study by Miyake Y1, Sasaki S, Tanaka K, Yokoyama T, Ohya Y, Fukushima W, Saito K, Ohfuji S, Kiyohara C, Hirota Y; Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study Group(PubMed)
(2) Perinatal depression: prevalence, risks, and the nutrition link--a review of the literature by Leung BM1, Kaplan BJ.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 Reduced Risk outflow tract defects (OTD) and congenital heart defects (CHDs) in New Born

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Low levels of vitamin B2 during pregnancy may be associated to reproductive outcomes and heart development in new born, a renowned institute study suggested.

According to the McGill University pregnant women with low dietary choline and riboflavin daily are associated to increased new born complications and abnormal heart development.

In a study with female Mthfr(+/+) and Mthfr(+/-) mice fed a control diet (CD), a choline-deficient diet (ChDD), or a riboflavin-deficient diet (RbDD) and then mated with male Mthfr(+/-) mice, RbDD fed mice with diet of riboflavin-deficient diet (RbDD, expressed a higher percentage of delayed embryos and smaller embryos in compared control.

Heart defects,in terms of all ventricular septal defects was also found more in embryos from the ChDD- and RbDD than from the CD- fed females.

Dr. Chan J, the lead author said, " Low dietary choline and riboflavin affects embryonic growth and cardiac development in mice. Adequate choline and riboflavin may also play a role in the prevention of these pregnancy complications in women".

Furthermore, in the study of maternal intake of fat, riboflavin and nicotinamide against risk of having offspring with congenital heart defects, researchers found that riboflavin and nicotinamide are co-enzymes in lipid metabolism in enhancing the embryonic development.

In a case-control family study conducted in 276 mothers of a child with a CHD comprising of 190 outflow tract defects (OTD) and 86 non-outflow tract defects (non-OTD) and 324 control mothers of a non-malformed child, mothers filled out general and food frequency questionnaires at 16 months after the index-pregnancy indicated dietary intakes of riboflavin and nicotinamide were lower in mothers of a child with an OTD than in controls

In fact, low dietary intakes of both riboflavin (<1.20 mg/d) and nicotinamide (<13.5 mg/d) increased more than two-fold the risk of a child with an OTD, particular pregnant women with maternal diet high in saturated fats and low in riboflavin and nicotinamide.

Taking together, women, who reduced in take of saturated fat and increased intake of riboflavin and nicotinamide during pregnancy may have a better outcome in reduced risk of new born with outflow tract defects (OTD) and congenital heart defects (CHDs).

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(1) Low dietary choline and low dietary riboflavin during pregnancy influence reproductive outcomes and heart development in mice by Chan J1, Deng L, Mikael LG, Yan J, Pickell L, Wu Q, Caudill MA, Rozen R.(PubMed)
(2) Maternal intake of fat, riboflavin and nicotinamide and the risk of having offspring with congenital heart defects by Smedts HP1, Rakhshandehroo M, Verkleij-Hagoort AC, de Vries JH, Ottenkamp J, Steegers EA, Steegers-Theunissen RP.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 Reduced Risk and Treatment of Breast Cancer

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Vitamin B2 as photosensitizer capable to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under UV-blue irradiation may have a potential efficacy for treatment of breast cancer.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone.

According to the joint study lead by the Moscow Technological University, vitanin B2 induced phototoxicity on human breast adenocarcinoma cells SK-BR-3 with 30 and 60 μM-μM and irradiated with ultraviolet light.

In deed, beside treating breast cancer through photo synthesis, Vitamin B2 and other B vitamin metabolism-important for DNA stability and integrity-may play a role in breast carcinogenesis as breast cancer is associated to levels of plasma folate, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine in women.

In a nested case-control study on women aged 35-65 y recruited with a median body mass index of 25.3 kg/m(2) who gave blood samples in 1987-1992 and again in 1993-1998 with breast cancer cases identified by 31 December 2009 individually matched to controls, indicated that breast caner patients is correlated to lower plasma vitamin B-6 and riboflavin.

Dr. Agnoli C, the lead author said, " High plasma riboflavin was associated with significantly lower risk in premenopausal women (RR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.94; highest compared with the lowest quartile, P trend = 0.021). Plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B-12 were not associated with breast cancer risk".

Taking all together, vitamin B2 not only reduced risk of early onset of breast cancer and  can be used as supplement for treatment of breast cancer.

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Sources
(1) Riboflavin photoactivation by upconversion nanoparticles for cancer treatment by Khaydukov EV1, Mironova KE1,2, Semchishen VA1, Generalova AN1,2, Nechaev AV1,3, Khochenkov DA1,4, Stepanova EV4, Lebedev OI5, Zvyagin AV1,6, Deyev SM2, Panchenko VY1.(PubMed)
(2) Plasma Riboflavin and Vitamin B-6, but Not Homocysteine, Folate, or Vitamin B-12, Are Inversely Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Varese Cohort by Agnoli C1, Grioni S1, Krogh V2, Pala V1, Allione A3, Matullo G3, Di Gaetano C3, Tagliabue G4, Pedraglio S1, Garrone G1, Cancarini I1, Cavalleri A1, Sieri S1.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 Reduced Risk and Symptoms of Depression

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Status of Riboflavin in the blood stream may associate to risk of depression, a renowned study by the  institute proposed.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Depression is a normal response as part of our daily lives such as the loss of s job, the death of a love one, and illness. Over 30 million Americans suffer from depression and the amount is increasing in an alarming rate. Depression may be a mental health disorder that can affect the way you eat, sleep, and the way you feel about yourself.

According to Jondi-Shapour University of Medical Sciences, patients with depressive symptoms are found to process a elevated levels of serum concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) of that indicated lower levels of Riboflavin.

In a cross-sectional study on 98 female clinical nurses, including 45 depressed and 53 nondepressed subjects) using the Beck Depression Inventory in assessed dietary intake of riboflavin using 3-day 24-hour recalls, riboflavin deficiency marginal was more prevalent in depressed subjects.

Dr. Naghashpour M, the lead author said, "(although) higher prevalence of marginal riboflavin deficiency in depressed subjects.... both nondepressed and depressed subjects (addressed) no significant difference between hs-CRP tertiles in dietary intakes of riboflavin, EGRAC, or riboflavin deficiencies".

The promising of the supplement in reduced risk of depression with low cost, prompted a further study of Vitamin B2 in other subjects. 

A cohort of HIV-infected patients conducted among 314 HIV-infected persons (180 men and 134 women) aged 18 to 60 y with 26 percent depressed participants (men: 23%; women: 29%), residing in the Kathmandu, Nepal, low intake of riboflavin was associated with an increased risk of depression in women but not in men.

Dr. Poudel-Tandukar K, the lone researcher in the study said, "No clear associations were seen between other B vitamins and depressive symptoms in either sex. Low intake of riboflavin was independently associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in all participants and in HIV-infected women".

There is no doubt that intake of vitamin B2 supplement is associated to reduced risk and symptoms of depression but large amount intake should be taken with care.

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Sources
(1) Riboflavin status and its association with serum hs-CRP levels among clinical nurses with depression by Naghashpour M1, Amani R, Nutr R, Nematpour S, Haghighizadeh MH.(PubMed)
(2) Dietary B Vitamins and Depression in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Positive Living with HIV (POLH) Study by Poudel-Tandukar K1.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 Improved Metabolism by Reduced Urinary Dicarboxylic Acids in Autism

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Riboflavin may have a potential effect in children with autism used conjunction with other B vitamin, a recent study suggested by a renowned institute.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Autism is one of the most common forms of brain development disorder and one in 166 child is diagnosed with some forms of autism with weak immune system and auto immune problems.

Children with autism is found to associate to dietary intake of deficiency micronutrients (traditional Mediterranean diet) of dairy and cereal products, and less iodine, sodium, and calcium than their typically developing peers.

According to the University of Valencia, children with autism tended to eating selectively with dietary failed to meet dietary recommendations for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, or calcium... as well as fiber, vitamin E, and sodium.

Dr. Marí-Bauset S, the lead author said, " Results suggest that (1) risk of inadequate intake of some micronutrients in children with autism spectrum disorder and (2) cultural patterns and environment may influence food intake and anthropometric characteristics in autism spectrum disorder".

In the investigation of the potential problems especially connected with energy production, intestinal dysbiosis, and nutritional individuality in autistic children, researchers found that increased urinary dicarboxylic acids showed an important role in reduced nutritional metabolism.
And oral administration of supplements including vitamin B2 ameliorated the production of level of dicarboxylic acids in the urine of autistic children.

The study also indicated before treatment with vitamin B2, levels of succinic, adipic, and suberic acids in the urine of autistic children were 41.47 ± 50.40 μmol/mmol creatinine, 15.61 ± 15.31 μmol/mmol creatinine, 8.02 ± 6.08 μmol/mmol creatinine, but after supplementation, the levels were 9.90 ± 8.26 μmol/mmol creatinine, 2.92 ± 2.41 μmol/mmol creatinine, and 2.57 ± 3.53 μmol/mmol creatinine,

This result demonstrated the efficacy of vitamin B2 in attenuated the levels of urinary dicarboxylic acids in induced symptoms of autism.

Taking together, intake Vitamin B2 combined with other micro nutrients are effective to improve dietary metabolism through ettentiating the levels of Dicarboxylic Acids in Autism.

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Sources
(1) Comparison of nutritional status between children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children in the Mediterranean Region (Valencia, Spain) nu Marí-Bauset S1,2, Llopis-González A1,2,3, Zazpe I4,5, Marí-Sanchis A6, Morales Suárez-Varela M1,2,3.(PubMed)
(2) B vitamin supplementation reduces excretion of urinary dicarboxylic acids in autistic children by Kałużna-Czaplińska J1, Socha E, Rynkowski J.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 in Inflammatory Response

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Vitamin B2 may process a potency in reducing obesity-related inflammation, the main cause of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus 2 or arteriosclerosis.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Inflammation is a natural expression by immune system in induction of while blood cells for protection our body against infection with foreign organisms and injure.

According to the joint study lead by the Jagiellonian University Medical College, pretreatment with a low dose of riboflavin (10.4-1000 nM) following with lipopolysaccharide stimulation (LPS; 100 ng/mL) affected the pro-inflammatory activity through reduced obesity-related inflammation.

Dr. Mazur-Bialy AI, the lead author said, " riboflavin effectively inhibits the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte, the lipocytes and fat cells in stored fat and macrophage in induced against imuune abnormal response to allergens.

Furthermore, riboflavin deficiency is also shown to associate to obese subject induced over expression of pathological pro-inflammatory response of macrophages, the main component of adipose tissues.

In the study of mouse 3T3 L1 preadipocytes differentiated to adipocyte and culture in the state of riboflavindeficiency (3.1nM) or control condition (10.4nM), treatment of riboflavin. reduced a significant elevation in adipocyte lipolysis and obesity-related apoptosis of adipocytes.

The study also found that riboflavin treatment not only decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species by 43% but also inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokins, in riboflavin-deficient subject.

Taking together, obese patients with induction of chronic systemic inflammation accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokines and fatty acid elevation probably involved many mechanisms, including vitamin B2 deficiency.

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(1) Riboflavin Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Activation of Adipocyte-Macrophage Co-culture. Potential Application of Vitamin B2 Enrichment for Attenuation of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome Development by Mazur-Bialy AI1, Pocheć E2.(PubMed)
(2) Vitamin B2 deficiency enhances the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte, consequences for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome development by Mazur-Bialy AI1, Pocheć E2.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 in Physical Activity

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Intake of riboflavin supplement accompanied with other nutrients may improve physical function in athletes and active individuals, a renowned institute study suggested.

According to the Arizona State University, on the basis of metabolic studies, young and older women in exercise moderately (2.5-5 h/wk) appears to be poorer of the riboflavin status in periods of exercise, dieting, and dieting plus exercise than during control periods.

Dr. said, Manore MM " Exercise appears to decrease nutrient status even further in active individuals with preexisting marginal vitamin intakes or marginal body stores" and " active individuals who restrict their energy intake or make poor dietary choices are at greatest risk for poor thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 status".

Importantly. active individuals should be more careful with body nutritional status for B-vitamin, as decrease of this nutrients not only may reduce the ability to perform exercise but also lower higher levels of exercise intensities.

The study also suggested that examining dietary intakes and nutritional status in active individuals must be related to to physical activity requirement for promoted energy metabolism and cell regeneration.

Dt. Woolf K, the lead author also found, " exercise may increase the requirements for riboflavin and vitamin B-6, while data for folate and vitamin B-12 are limited. Athletes who have poor diets, especially those restricting energy intakes or eliminating food groups from the diet, should consider supplementing with a multivitamin/mineral supplement".

Taking together, there is no doubt that vitamin B2 is important for ensuring the performance of people with moderate and  high levels of physical exercises, but intake of the vitamin should be taken with care.

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(1) Effect of physical activity on thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 requirements by Manore MM1.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 and Psychomotor function

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Intake of supplement Riboflavin accompanied other nutrients may contribute to improve mental performance, a study suggested.

In a study of 290 children in six classroom sections from a public school in Manila examined by measurement of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and thyroid palpation showed that levels of energy, protein, thiamin, and riboflavin, iodized salt intake correlated to the variance in deficient and adequate mental performance.

According to the Food and Nutrition Research Institute, higher class median of non-iodine deficient was associated to the better psychomotor and cognitive performance in children.

Dr. Amarra MS, the lead author said, "Longer-term factors that can contribute to improved performance are achievement of normal iodine status and elimination of protein-energy malnutrition".

More importantly, riboflavin treatment of 100 mg/d not only increased residual activity but also promoted his cognitive and motor performance partially in a patient with L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (LHGuria), a rare neurometabolic disorder.

Additionally, the study also intake of higher levels ofriboflavin 200mg/d, provided further The improvement but not higher.

Taking together, riboflavin could be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in patient of in LHGuria to improved psychomotor and cognitive performance used alone or combination with other nutrients for children with iodine deficiency.

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All About Vitamins: High Dose of Vitamin B2 for Treatment of Defective Gene ACAD9

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

High dose of supplement of riboflavin may have a beneficiary effect for patients with gene ACAD9 defected, a renowned institute reported.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Gene ACAD9 provides function of making enzyme in the mitochondria, by converting oxygen and nutrients to energy involved structures inside cells.

In a reported study, high dose of  riboflavin treatment of a 13-year-old boy reduced symptoms of exercise intolerance, weakness, and mild psychomotor delay and muscle histochemistry with severe complex I deficiency due to mitochondrial proliferation caused by ACAD9 defected

According to the Clinical Genomics Unit, Maastricht University, oxidative phosphorylation defect due to ACAD9 defected, decreased function in production and modification of the enzymes, including arginine-532 into tryptophan, induced mitochondrial complex I deficiency.

More importantly, the study also found that mutation of gene to activate protein in production of enzymes is found to be absent in 188 ethnically matched healthy controls.

Dr. Gerards M, the lead author said,"Protein modelling suggested a functional effect due to the loss of a stabilizing hydrogen bond in an α-helix and a local flexibility change. " and
"fibroblasts of patients with wild-type and mutant ACAD9. Wild-type, but not mutant, ACAD9 restored complex I activity".

The astonished findings suggested that gene expression may become important for further studies as ACAD9 defected in complex I function can be improved by intake of high dose of Vitamin B2.

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Sources
(1) Riboflavin-responsive oxidative phosphorylation complex I deficiency caused by defectiveACAD9: new function for an old gene by Gerards M1, van den Bosch BJ, Danhauser K, Serre V, van Weeghel M, Wanders RJ, Nicolaes GA, Sluiter W, Schoonderwoerd K, Scholte HR, Prokisch H, Rötig A, de Coo IF, Smeets HJ.(PubMed)
(2) Garone C, Donati MA, Sacchini M, et al. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy due to a novel mutation in ACAD9. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(9):1177–1179. [PubMed]

All About Vitamins: Vitamin B2 reduced Risk of in Insulin Resistance in Obesity

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Vitamin B2 deficiency may be associate to the development.of insulin resistance induced by the expression of pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte the lipocytes and fat cells in obesity, the respectable institute study suggested.

Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Insulin resistance is the early stage of diabetes, affecting the levels of blood glucose in induced risk of developing heart disease.

In the study of the mouse 3T3 L1 preadipocytes differentiated to adipocyte and culture in the state of riboflavin deficiency (3.1nM) or control condition (10.4nM), treatment with vitamin B2 supplement improved mRNA expression in ameliorated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and adipokines functions in increased insulin resistance.

Dr. Mazur-Bialy AI, the lead author said, "in an obesity state, it participates in the induction of chronic systemic inflammation accompanied by pro-inflammatory cytokines and fatty acid elevation..... involved in, e.g., insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes or hyperlipidemia development".

Furthermore, in obese patients, a low dose of riboflavin (10.4-1000 nM) treatment attenuated the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte-macrophage expression in promoted obesity-related inflammation, the main cause of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus 2 or arteriosclerosis, according to the joint study lead by the Jagiellonian University Medical College.

Additionally, in animals induced hyperglycaemia by injection of streptozotocin, riboflavin supplementation improved the activity pancreas islet FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in glucose utilization as well as inhibited B-cell dysfunction in text subjects.

The study also found that the efficacy of vitamin B12 in reduced blood glucose with out affected the enzymic defect of the syndrome.
Taking together, there is no doubt that vitamin B2 has played an important role in reduced risk of insulin resistance in the early onset of metabolic syndrome, including diabetes, heart disease.

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Sources
(1) Vitamin B2 deficiency enhances the pro-inflammatory activity of adipocyte, consequences for insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome development by Mazur-Bialy AI1, Pocheć E2.(PubMed)
(2) Riboflavin Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Activation of Adipocyte-Macrophage Co-culture. Potential Application of Vitamin B2 Enrichment for Attenuation of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome Development by Mazur-Bialy AI1, Pocheć E2.(PubMed)
(3)  Streptozotocin-induced FAD-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase suppression in pancreatic islets. Relationship with the severity and duration of hyperglycaemia and resistance to insulin or riboflavin treatment by Rasschaert J1, Malaisse WJ.(PubMed)

All About Vitamins: The Effects of Vitamin B2 In Migraine Headache

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Recent study suggested that intake of Riboflavin may be an effective prophylactic therapy for the prevention of migraines.

Vitamin B2 also known as Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.
Migraine headache is one most common headaches defined as condition of chronic neurological disorder of moderate to severe headaches, and nausea that usually develop gradually over 5–20 minutes and last for less than 60 minutes and affected over 15% of the population in US alone, as a result of the change in the brain and its surrounding blood vessels.

According to the Southwestern Oklahoma State University, in the review of all data dates 1966-2016 using the search terms: riboflavin and migraine disorders, 5 clinical trials show a consistent positive therapeutic effect in adults and  four clinical trials show a mixed effect in paediatric and adolescent patients.

Dr. Thompson DF, the lead author said, "Riboflavin is well tolerated, inexpensive and has demonstrated efficacy in the reduction of adult patient's migraine headache frequency"

Other study revealed that Low serum of vitamin B2 is associated mitochondrial dysfunction and have a serious effect in induced migraine pathogenesis.

Supplementation vitamin B2 administrated in adults exhibited a strong properties in reducing the frequency and duration of migraine attacks with no serious side effects.

Furthermore, although riboflavin is a safe and well-tolerated supplement in preventing migraine symptoms, such as nausea, photophobia, vomiting, and sensitivity to light in adults, further studies are necessary to recommend vitamin B2 as an adjunct therapy in adults and children with migraine.

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Sources
(1) Prophylaxis of migraine headaches with riboflavin: A systematic review by Thompson DF1, Saluja HS1.(PubMed)
(2) Supplementation with Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) for Migraine Prophylaxis in Adults and Children: A Review by Namazi N1, Heshmati J2, Tarighat-Esfanjani A3.(PubMed)