Cranberry promotes postprandial blood glucose management

Postprandial blood glucose is the range of blood glucose that is measured by the blood glucose test, taking after 2 hours of a meal.

At this point of measurement, postprandial blood glucose in a healthy individual usually gone back down. In other words, lower or equal to 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) 2 hours after eating are normal blood glucose found in a healthy individual.

Glycemic response is a change in blood glucose after consuming a carbohydrate-containing food compared to Glycemic Index (GI) that ranks carbohydrate-containing foods, according to their effect on blood glucose levels.

In other words, the glycemic response is the change of blood glucose after the intake of a food or meal.

More precisely, healthy people who are not prediabetes or diabetes have normal blood glucose and insulin levels that rise within the range after eating, then return to the fasting levels over a short period of time.

According to the 2015 statistics by the American Diabetes Association, in the U.S. over 30.3 million Americans or 9.4% of the population are living with diabetes. Sadly, out of 30.3 million adults with diabetes, 23.1 million were diagnosed, and 7.2 million were undiagnosed.

In 2015, 84.1 million Americans age 18 and older had prediabetes.

According to the epidemiological studies, by managing postprandial blood glucose effectively, diabetics can decrease the risk of microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of diabetes, researchers investigated the postprandial effects of dried cranberries following a high-fat breakfast challenge in obese participants with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

The randomized crossover trial includes blood draw and vascular measurements such as fasting, 1, 2 and 4 hours (h), following the consumption of a fast-food style high-fat breakfast (70 g fat, 974 kcal) with or without cranberries (40 g).

According to the results of the analysis, biomarkers associated with inflammation and oxidative markers such as interleukin-18 and malondialdehyde were significantly lower at 4 h.

Serum total nitrite was found to be higher at 2 h in the cranberry compared to control group.

However, there were no significant differences levels of insulin, insulin resistance, lipid profiles and blood pressure between the cranberry and control group.

Furthermore, cranberries showed no effect on the levels of C-reactive protein or interleukin-6.
In other words, dietary cranberries inhibited the high-fat breakfast induced postprandial glucose and selected biomarkers of inflammation and oxidation in patients with T2DM without affecting other parameters associated with diabetes such as insulin, insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and blood pressure.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "adding whole cranberries to a high-fat meal may improve postprandial blood glucose management and warrant further investigation".

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy used for the postprandial blood glucose management, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cranberries improve postprandial glucose excursions in type 2 diabetes buSchell J1, Betts NM, Foster M, Scofield RH, Basu A. (PubMed)
(2) Impact of Cranberry Juice Enriched with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Adjunct with Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment on Metabolic Control and Periodontal Status in Type 2 Patients with Diabetes with Periodontal Disease by Zare Javid A1, Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L1,2,3, Ashrafzadeh E1,2,3, Yousefimanesh HA4, Zakerkish M5, Ahmadi Angali K6, Ravanbakhsh M2, Babaei H. (PubMed)